秸秆还田对作物土传病害的影响及作用机制研究进展

Research Progress of Influence and Mechanism of Field Straw Residue Incorporation on Soil-borne Diseases in Crops

土传病害是主要的作物病害,其普遍发生严重制约了现代农业的可持续发展。秸秆还田能增加土壤有机质含量、促进土壤微生物繁殖,有利于改善土壤理化性状、养分循环和微生物群落结构,使农田生态系统中土壤肥力水平稳步提升,实现作物增产。秸秆科学还田还对农作物抗土传病害有着积极的影响。综述了秸秆还田对作物增产和土传病害发生的影响及作用机制。

Soil -borne diseases as major crop diseases are common and severe,which seriously restrict the modern agricul- tural sustainable development. This paper presents a review of research progress on the inluenee and meehanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil -borne crop pathogens：Effective straw residue incorporation can improve soil nfierobial conditions by supplying abundant carbon, stimulating nfierobial activity and enhancing soil fertility-. Also nfineralization of straw residue can promote normal soil nitrogen cycle, microbial quantity and improved crop yield. It is very- important to clear away the diseased straws and carry out in suitable returning ways to realize the scientific return of straws. On this basis, the influeee of the field straw residue incorporation on soil - borne crop pathogens is positive. The main mechanism ineludes two aspects. First the soil environment after straw returning may be not suitable for soil - borne pathogenic microorganisms multiplying and infeeting by the change of soil microbial ecology, microbial antagonism, reduetive soil disinfestation and suppression of decomposed products. Second,the ability of crops to resist pathogens can be improved as their physiological characteristics changing with straw return application to the soil.