道德动因视域下传统清官人格养成的“三个维度”

Three Dimensions Nurturing the Personality of Traditional Virtuous and Upright Officials Motivated by Morality

揭示传统清官人格的道德动因,应该秉承唯物史观从"三个维度"加以整体性、宏观域、发展性研究:一是探寻哲学基点,从"天人之辩"的理论思维加以追问。对于自然的本能敬畏和神格崇拜心理,催生了道德的意义和遵循道德的原始起点,引发了传统视域下对天道敬畏的理论命题,萌生出神秘的生命情怀。二是立足治国理政,从"德治之基"的实践思维加以追寻。道德人的价值诉求和道德教化的治理功效,孕育和推进了传统社会的德治思维和德化路向,培育出浓郁的家国情怀。三是回归终极理想,从"民本之要"的价值思维加以揭秘。无论是个体的圣贤追寻还是整体的政治理想,最终都是为了人的意义,目标都指向人的主体性实现,是"天人合一"命题的真正超越,彰显出鲜明的人民情怀。因此,传统清官人格是生命情怀、家国情怀和人民情怀"三位一体"的集中体现和价值升华。

The unveil of the moral motivations of traditional virtuous and upright officials should, cherishing historical materialism, be done from “three-dimensions” with researches done holistically, from a macro perspective into the developmental nature： To begin with, the philosophical standpoint is to be sought after for the theoretical pursuit of the “relationship between nature and man.” The instinctive awe of nature and the worship of godliness have spawned the meaning of morality and the primordial starting point of morality, triggered the theoretical proposition of reverence for the tao of heaven from the traditional perspective, and generated the mysterious sentiments toward life. Secondly, the practical mindsets of “moral foundation” is to be pursued based on the governance of the country. The value pursuit of the righteous and the effectiveness of moral education nurtured and promoted the morality mentality and moral inclination of traditional society, cultivating a complex for the homeland and the nation. Thirdly, the secret is to be uncovered from the perspective of “people orientation” as an ultimate ideal. Both the individual pursuit of the Sage and the collective political ideals are ultimately for the realization of the significance of man, both pointing to the realization of man’s subjectivity, a real transcendence of the notion of “the unification of nature and man,” the people-orientation made prominent. The personality of traditional virtuous and upright officials is therefore a concentrated embodiment of the “Trinity” of the life, the country and the people and their value sublimation.