从《英西和约》看国际条约对海外军事基地的主要约定事项

The Main Conventions of International Treaties on Overseas Military Bases from the Treaty of Peace between Britain and Spain

英国于1713年7月13日与西班牙签订《英西和约》,迫使对方将直布罗陀割让给自己,进而得以在直布罗陀设立军事基地,并沿用至今。和约对直布罗陀割让的期限、直布罗陀与西班牙其他领土的关系、当地居民的权利、条约的生效、纠纷的解决等诸事宜作出了明确约定。通过对《英西和约》这一典型案例的梳理、分析,有助于较好了解和约中有关英国驻直布罗陀军事基地设立的背景、驻军的法律地位、基地功能的发挥、双方的权利与义务、当地居民的权利、对其他国家的约束、条约的有效期、基地的转让、纠纷的解决等方面情况,由此可对国际条约在海外军事基地部署上的相关约定进行管窥。而研究了解国际上这些通行做法,对我稳妥、顺利地进行海外军事基地部署具有一定参考价值。

Britain signed the Treaty of Peace with Spain on July 13,1713,forcing Spain to cede Gibraltar to itself,thus establishing a military base in Gibraltar,which has been in use ever since. The Treaty of Peace clearly stipulated the time limit for Gibraltar's cession,the relationship between Gibraltar and other Spanish territories,the rights of local residents,the entry into force of treaties and the settlement of disputes. By sorting out and analyzing the typical case of the Treaty of Peace between Britain and Spain,we can better understand the background of the establishment of the British military base in Gibraltar,the legal status of the garrison,the function of the base,the rights and obligations of both sides,the rights of local residents,the restrictions on other countries and the validity of the treaty. The transfer of bases and the settlement of disputes can give us a glimpse of the relevant agreements of international treaties on the deployment of overseas military bases. To study and understand these international practices has certain reference value for China to deploy overseas military bases steadily and smoothly.