我国刑事诉讼“排除合理怀疑”制度的内涵解读和优化路径——以中美两国司法环境的“异质性”为视角

The Connotation Interpretation and Optimization Path of the System of "Eliminating Reasonable Doubt" in Criminal Proceedings in China——from the perspective of "heterogeneity" of the judicial environment in China and the United States

2012年新刑诉法将英美法系"排除合理怀疑"制度引入我国的刑事司法领域,作为刑事司法一项重大制度移植,截止到目前为止,学界对该制度的移植与适用缺乏足够的关注。中国语境中的"排除合理怀疑"并不是纯粹的主观证明标准,它本身就是主客观证明维度的结合;"排除合理怀疑"的引入不应当无视移植语境,忽略移植的本土化效果;应当将"普适性"原则作为逻辑前提,从法律观念、诉讼构造、程序设计等维度分析比较中美两国司法环境的"异质性",从而为我国"排除合理怀疑"的适用提供优化路径。

In 2012 ,the new criminal law introduced the Anglo American legal system of ＂excluding reasonable doubt＂ into China＇s criminal justice field. As a major system transplantation of criminal justice, up to now,the academic community has not paid enough attention to the transplantation and application of this system. The ＂exclusion of reasonable doubt＂ in Chinese context is not a purely subjective standard of proof, but the combination of subjective and objective dimension of proof. The introduction of ＂eliminating reasonable doubt＂ should not ignore the transplant context and ignore the localization effect of transplantation. The ＂universality＂ principle should be taken as the logical premise, and the ＂heterogeneity＂ of the judicial environment in China and the United States should be analyzed and compared from the perspectives of legal concepts,litigation structures and procedural design, so as to provide an optimal path for the application of ＂eliminating reasonable doubt＂ in China.