两种“真实”:仪式的表演与表演的“仪式”——以贵州三口塘苗族跳花节仪式为例

Two Kinds of “Reality”:The Performance of Ceremony and the “Ceremony” of Performance——Taking the Flower jumping Festival Ceremony of Miao Nationality in Sankoutang in Guizhou Province as an Example

仪式的表演即仪式的本身,它是呈现隐含仪式背后神圣世界的通道。随着仪式的逐步世俗化,仪式逐渐成为现代社会的一种可供观赏性的表演形式,贵州省水城县南开乡小花苗的跳花节仪式的当下变化很好地诠释了仪式的这种变迁。基于田野材料的基础上,作者全貌地展示了传统跳花节仪式过程与现今作为一种表演的跳花节仪式,深入探讨仪式的变迁论题,提出这种变迁不仅体现在内容上,更体现在其所要发挥的功能上。

The performance of the ceremony is the ceremony itself, and it is the channel through which the sacred world behind the hidden ceremony is presented. With the gradual secularization of the ceremony, the ceremony has gradually become a form of performance that can be appreciated in modem society. The present change of the ritual of the Flower Jumping Festival in Nankai Township, Shulcheng County, Guizhou Province, is a good interpretation of this change in the ceremony. On the basis of field materials, the author presents a panoramic view of the ritual process of the traditional Flower Jumping Festival and the present Flower Jumping Festival ceremony as a kind of performance, probes into the topic of the change of the ceremony, and puts forward that the change is not only reflected in the content, but more in its role to play on.