高温条件下高速碰撞试验技术研究

High Velocity Impact Experiment Technique at Elevated Temperature

目的建立高温条件下结构的高速碰撞试验技术。方法基于理论和试验方法,研究影响试样加热/保温、碰靶速度和姿态的关键因素,利用次口径发射技术和电炉技术实现试样的加热、保温和加速。采用间接方法测试试样碰靶时的温度,联合应用次口径发射技术和靶体,控制试样的碰靶姿态,并利用高速摄影技术对其进行测试。通过薄壁圆柱筒的高温高速碰靶验证高温试验技术的有效性。结果建立了加热、加速和姿态控制一体化的高温高速碰撞试验技术,获得了不同尺寸薄壁圆柱筒不同姿态碰靶时的高温冲击动力学响应。正碰时,撞击端镦粗,尾端收缩,尾端的凹陷大于碰撞端的变形;侧碰时,圆筒呈马鞍状;角碰时的变形为楔形。随着圆筒的强度和刚度的降低,圆筒的变形增加,整体发生坍塌,出现大量的皱褶。结论建立的试验技术切实有效,可以用于高温条件下结构高速碰撞效应的研究。

Objective To build a high velocity impact experiment technique of structures at elevated temperature. Methods Key issues affecting heating, insulating, impact velocity and gesture were studied based on theory and experiment. Based on the combination of the subcalibre technique and heater technique, the technique of heating, insulating, and accelerating sample was built. The temperature was measured indirectly. And the gesture controlling technique was combined with the target to control the gesture of sample. High speed photography was used to measure the gesture. All the techniques were validated by cylinder impact tests at elevated temperature and high velocity. Results A technique which integrated heating, insulating, accelerating and gesture controlling was built. And the impact dynamical responses of vary dimensions thin cylinders were gained. In front impact, the impacting end was upset while the other end was contracted, and the cave of impacting end was shallower than the opposite end. In lateral impact, the cylinder was saddle-like. In angle impact, it deformed into a wedge shape. With the decrease of cylinder strength and rigidity, deformation of the cylinder increased with overall collapse and many folds. Conclusion The experimental technique is effective, and could be used to study high velocity impact responses of structures at high temperature.