马克思价值理论形成的逻辑推进

Logical Advances in the Formation of Marx's Value Theory

马克思价值理论的形成主要发生在《资本论》及其手稿阶段。在这一阶段,马克思的价值理论经历了几次重要的逻辑推进。马克思将"一般劳动"从交换领域推进到生产领域,形成了价值实体的概念,又从这一"抽象同一"的实体性范畴推进到具有矛盾性内涵的"价值形式"概念,以辩证法的方式表征了资本主义所固有的社会历史矛盾。价值的本质既不能仅仅理解为交换所建构的抽象同一性(交换价值),也不能仅仅理解为生产所建构的抽象同一性(价值实体),而是资本主义生产方式所固有的矛盾性。理解这一重要的思想史过程,对于我们澄清和批判诸多针对马克思价值理论的误解和曲解具有重要意义。

Marx’s theory of value was formed in Capital and its manuscripts. It underwent three important metamorphoses. Marx moved the concept of ＂general labor＂ from the exchange field to the production field, to form the concept of ＂substance of value＂. And then, Marx moved the concept of ＂substance of value＂ to the concept of ＂the form of value＂, which presented the contradictions of capitalism in a dialectical way. The nature of value could not be understood as the exchange value, or the substance of value, but the contradictions of capitalism. Understanding this important process is of great significance for us to clarify and criticize many misunderstandings and misinterpretation of Marx’s value theory.