乌鲁木齐市孕妇体重状况与妊娠并发症及分娩结局的相关性分析

Correlation analysis between body weight with pregnancy complications and delivery outcome of pregnant women in Urumqi

目的探讨乌鲁木齐市孕妇体重状况与妊娠并发症及分娩结局的相关性,为孕妇的孕期管理提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析2016年5月1日-2017年4月30日收治本院的年龄低于35岁的628例孕妇临床资料,根据孕前体重指数(BMI)将孕妇分为消瘦组、正常组、超重组、肥胖组。分别比较孕妇妊娠糖尿病、子痫前期发病情况,以及孕期体重增长、分娩方式,新生儿出生体重等。结果孕前BMI正常组的妊娠糖尿病发病率明显低于超重组和肥胖组(均P<0.01),子痫前期发病率低于超重组(P<0.01),剖宫产率、巨大儿发生率明显低于肥胖组(P <0.01);孕期BMI增幅(4.0~6.0)kg/m^2之间的孕妇子痫前期发病率、剖宫产率和巨大儿发生率均低于增幅>6.0组kg/m^2(均P<0.01);低体重儿发生率在孕前BMI各组和孕期BMI增幅各组之间比较无差异(均P> 0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市孕妇孕前体重指数异常、孕期体重过度增加与妊娠并发症、剖宫产、巨大儿的发生有密切关联,合理指导孕前孕妇营养,适当增加孕期体重,可以有效降低妊娠并发症和巨大儿发生率。

Objective To explore the relationship between body weight with pregnancy complications and delivery outcome of pregnant women in Urumqi, so as to provide evidence for gestation management. Methods A total of 628 pregnant women who aged below 35 and hospitalized in the Urumqi MCH hospital from 1 stMay 2016 to 30 thApril 2017 were selected by retrospective analysis, then the women were divided into the emaciation group, the normal group, the overweight group and the obesity group according to BMI during pre-pregnancy. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia, weights gain during pregnancy,the delivery modes,neonatal body weights in different groups were compared. Results The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus ofthe normal group were significantly lower than that of the overweight group and the obesity group（P〈0.01）,the incidence of pre-eclampsia of the normal group were significantly lower than that of the overweight group（P〈0.01）,the rates of cesarean section and macrosomia of the normal group were significantly lower than that of the obesity group（P〈0.01）.The incidences of pre-eclampsia, cesarean section and macrosomia during the BMI increase amplitude in 4.0 to 6.0 were significantly lower than that ofthe BMI increase amplitude more than 6.0. There was no significant different between four groups in the incidence of lowbirth weight. Conclusion The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia,cesarean section and macrosomia are closely related with abnormal BMI during pre-pregnancy and excessive BMI during pregnancy,directing reasonable nutrition and increasing body weight appropriately may reduce the incidence of complications and macrosomia.