超越裙带政治之路:“民粹主义”与杜特尔特的“强人政治”

“Beyond” Clan Politics: The Populism and Duterte's “Strongman Politics”

杜特尔特从参选总统到开始施政,对他的争议就一直持续不断。本文从杜特尔特作为一个政治家的人格特质入手,通过梳理杜特尔特处理国内事务的风格,包括在达沃市担任市长期间的治理模式、竞选过程中发动民众和执政后采取强硬手段整治社会秩序等,分析杜特尔特作为一个强人政治的代表,给菲律宾政治和社会所带来的变化。具体说来,杜特尔特以达沃市的执政经验为模板,以建立社会安全秩序为核心,以强化民众和军警支持为基础,通过积极手段开展禁毒和反恐活动,在菲律宾的历届总统中树立了重视社会安全与秩序的形象,并对菲律宾政治生态中传统的裙带关系形成了深刻的冲击。笔者认为,尽管菲律宾的政治体制对民主制度设置了广泛的保护措施,而裙带关系也具有深厚的社会基础,但实质上无法抵抗政治强人的冲击。杜特尔特以政治强人的特质和引导民粹主义思潮的手段打破了传统裙带政治基因所具备的社会机能,影响了菲律宾的政治运作。

Duterte has attracted intense controversy from his presidential campaign to his administration since he became the 16th president of the Philippines in 2016.This paper touches upon the characteristics of Duterte as a politician.By expounding on Duterte's handling of domestic issues,including his governance during his tenure as mayor of Davao City,his mobilization of the Philippine people during the election,and his adoption of tough measures to reorganize social order,the author analyzes the changes that Duterte as a representative strongman-politician has brought to Philippine politics and society.Specifically speaking,Duterte,drawing on his previous governance experience as mayor of Davao City and focusing on the reorganization of social security order,has placed much emphasis on strengthening the support from the people,soldiers and police,and has actively carried out anti-drug and anti-terrorism campaigns.Hence,it is commonly acknowledged that he has focused his efforts domestically on efficiency and restoration of public order and has exerted a profound effect on traditional clan politics.Although the Philippine political system has set up extensive protection measures for democracy,it is virtually impossible to resist the impact of political-strongman.Duterte shattered the functions of traditional clan politics by renovating the social environment and influenced Philippine politics with his distinctive personal quality.