《说文通训定声》中的“转注”、“假借”说评议

A Brief Review on the Theory of "Zhuanzhu" and "Jiajie" in ShuoWenTongXunDingSheng

汉字"六书"之说始见于《周礼》,许慎在《说文解字叙》中首次为"六书"作出详细解释,长期以来被当作重要的汉字理论系统进行研究,但其中的一些问题也引起后学聚讼不断,尤其是对"转注"的模糊表述,争议最多,至今没有公认的说法。清代学者朱骏声于众说中另辟蹊径,重新定义"转注"、"假借",突破许慎"六书"框架及《说文解字》体例,将字的引申脉络、假借用法、声音关系等系联于本字之下。朱骏声以意义引申为"转注",在传统"假借"说中增加同音通假,客观上实现了对汉字形义关系的沟通和阐释,反映了他朴素的汉字形义系统观念。

The Chinese character ＂Liushu＂（六书） was first seen in Zhouli Xu Shen made a detailed explanation for the ＂Liushu＂ for the first time in ShuoWenJieZiXu（说文解字叙）, which has long been studied as an important Chinese character theory system, but among them some of the problems have also led to the continuation of post-study, especially the vague expression of ＂Zhuanzhu＂（转注） has been the most controversial, so far no recognized statement. Zhu Junsheng, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, said in a different way, redefining the ＂Zhuanzhu＂ and ＂Jiajie＂（假借）, and making the ShuoWenTongXunDingSheng （说文通训定声）express himself, surpassing the ＂Liushu＂ framework and the speaking style of Xu Shen. The word extension, different usage, and sound relationship are linked to the word. Zhu Junsheng extended his meaning to ＂Zhuanzhu＂, adding ＂TongYinTongJia＂（同音通假） in the traditional ＂Jiajie＂ theory, objectively realizing the communication and interpretation of the formal meaning of Chinese characters, reflecting his simple Chinese character meaning system concept.