热力学函数关系式的教学探讨

Discussion on Teaching of Thermodynamics Relations

吉布斯方程、热力学函数偏导数关系式、麦克斯韦关系式等热力学关系式由热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律导出,具有普遍适用性,揭示了各热力学参数的内在联系,是推导熵、热力学能、焓及比热容一般关系式的基础,对工质热力性质的理论研究和实验测试都有重要的意义。针对这些热力学微分关系式,本文设计出热力学状态参数八阵图,提出了规律性强的方法便于初学者更好地记忆上述方程。经过几年的教学反馈,该方法效果明显,达到可观的教学效果。

The Gibbs equations, the partial derivative relations of thermodynamic function and the formula of Maxwell relation are deducted from the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics, which are universally applicable. These relations reveal the internal relations of the thermodynamic properties, and are the basis for deriving the general relation of entropy, thermodynamics energy, enthalpy and specific heat capacity. It is of great significance to theoretical researeh and experimental testing of thermodynamic properties of working substance. In view of these thermodynamic relations, the eight matrix diagram of thermodynamic state properties was designed, and a method of strong regularity was proposed to facilitate the beginners to better remember the above equations. After several years of teaching feedback, the method was effective and achieves considerable teaching results.