殷周之际的纣王与文王——新天命观的解读

Two Emperors During the Transition from the Yin Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty: The Rising of a New Concept of Ruler's Will

殷周之际是中国史上的关键年代,纣王与周文王分别成为转型时期的象征人物:文王代表道德的典范,纣王则成为罪恶的象征。本文认为纣王的罪名都和巫教的因素有关:纣王不接受日渐腐败的巫教,相信自我的力量,但却无法整合解体的殷末社会,所以失败。文王面对解体的巫教社会,相信一种新的天命,也就是有德性的天命;天命和政治的命运同步,天命有德,有德的国君透过自己的修养以及民意,体认上天的旨意,获得政权。新的天命观形成了后来的道德政治以及天下观的国际秩序。

The transition from Yin to Zhou Dynasty is a crucial period of time in Chinese history, and Emperor Xin(帝辛)and Emperor Wen(文王)represent two kinds of religious ideas of these two dynasties respectively.The former was the symbol of the evil derived from the historical effects of Shamanism, and the latter, that of the moral shaped by the new idea of Heaven destiny. This paper argues that this was mainly due to the different approaches taken by the two emperors facing the decay and corruption of the Shamanism society.