斯里卡库拉姆运动与早期的纳萨尔革命

Srikakulam Movement and Naxalites Revolution in Early Stage

20世纪60、70年代之交,安德拉邦的斯里卡库拉姆运动是早期纳萨尔运动的重要构成。斯里卡库拉姆的吉利贾人素来有抗争的传统,印度独立后他们的生存处境持续恶化,最终在印共的长期动员和组织下爆发了武装斗争,他们夺回土地、撕毁契约,并建立基层政权。但是,纳萨尔派在斗争路线问题上存在分歧,这集中体现在安德拉群体与马宗达群体之间的矛盾,马宗达主张放弃以经济斗争为基础的群众路线,而强调歼灭战以调动广大民众的革命能动性。由于战术的失误、内部矛盾纷争以及国家力量的强制镇压,导致斯里卡库拉姆运动走向衰落。在早期的纳萨尔运动中,印共(马列)的成立固然使革命者拥有属于自己的革命党,但它未能整合全印的革命团体,在某种程度上反而加剧内在冲突。随着马宗达等革命领导层的被捕和牺牲,第一阶段的纳萨尔运动也逐渐陷入低谷。

At the turn of 1960's and 1970's, the Srikakulam movement in Andhra Pradesh was a crucial component of Naxal movement. The Girijans in Srikakulam areas have the tradition of rebellion, since Indian independence, their living condition continuously deteriorates. Finally, under the organization and mobilization of Communist Party of India, outbreak armed struggle, they seize back land, tear up the unfair land contract, and establishing revolutionary regime on the village level. But the Naxalites have disagreement on struggle routes, which especially reflected between the Andhra Pradesh's group and Charu Mazumdar's group. Charu Mazumdar stand for giving up the economic struggle based on mass line, and emphasize on individual annihilation to mobilize mass initiative of revolution. Because of mistake of tactics, inside conflicts and suppress by state forces, the Srikakulam movement declined. In the early stage of Naxal movement, although the formation of CPI(ML) make the revolutionary have their own party, but it didn't integrate the whole revolutionary groups in India, and to some extent, it exacerbate internal conflicts. Along with arrest and die of top party cadres, including Charu Mazumdar, the first stage of Naxal movement sank into a low tide.