现代国民教育中的“格”

The Personalities of National Education

中国文化中存在着两种不同的教养观,一种是道家的自然教养,一种是儒家的社会教养。自然教养认为最好的教养来自于人的自然,保持自然性而不被社会世俗侵蚀。社会教养关注人与社会如何相处的问题,将自然人教化成为社会的人。现代国民教育需要结合人类所有的智慧,以自然教养为基础,将自然教养与社会教养统一起来。人是教育的出发点,也是其归宿。人们经常说的"以人为本",这里的"人"指受教育者,而不是教育者。教育是使受教育者成为他们应该成为,或可能成为的那种人,而不是规定他们成为什么样的人。教育的责任在于如何培育人的好奇、怀疑与独立思考能力,不信奉教条,不服从独断。怀疑不是要否定一切既有的价值,而是对既有价值的审慎。教育最终是要落实到人格的,以人格完善为目的。

There are two different views on education in Chinese culture,one is Taoist natural education,and the other is Confucian social education.Natural education believes that the best education comes from the nature of human beings,maintaining its nature without being eroded by social secularism.Social education pays attention to the problem of how people and society get along,and educates natural people into people in society.Modern national education requires a combination of all of human wisdom,based on natural education,and combining it with social education.People are the starting point of education and their destination.People often say"people-oriented",this people refers to the educated,rather than educators.Education is about making educatees into the kind of people they should be,or may become,rather than dictating what they must become.Responsibility for education should be to nurture curiosity,suspicion and independent thinking.Believe in people,not dogma,not subject to arbitrary.Suspicion is not to deny all existing values,but to be cautious about existing values.Education’s ultimate goal should be to help with the completion of a perfect personality.