西方早期汉籍目录的中国文学分类考察

A Study of the Classification of Chinese Literature in Early Western Catalogues

西方汉籍目录的编纂与中国文学的西传几乎同步,是早期西方学界建构中国文学知识谱系的重要途径。它将中国文学纳入西方学科体系,小说、戏曲、民歌等文类作为"文学"分支,文献意义得到肯定,学术地位得到提升。中西不同文学传统在汉籍目录中交汇,导致文体错位、文体概念并用、术语交叉混用等现象发生。中国原有文体概念在与西方文体对应过程中,外延被缩小或扩大,同时被植入西方内涵,转换生新,演变为现代文体概念,体现了中西文体之间的相互对话与改造。考察西方汉籍目录与近代中国文学分类的历史生成与文体重构,有助于厘清近代中国文学演变的复杂学术理路,揭示近代中国文学观念、文体界定、知识体系发生的深刻变革。

The compilation of catalogues of Chinese works in the West was almost synchronous with the arrival in the West of Chinese literature,furnishing an important means by which early Western scholars could construct a knowledge genealogy for this literature.These descriptive catalogues incorporated Chinese literature into the Western disciplinary system,affirming the literary significance of Chinese fiction,drama,folk songs and other genres as branches of literature and elevating their scholarly standing.The differing Chinese and Western literary traditions met in the catalogue of Chinese works,resulting in stylistic dislocation.The styles and terms of both traditions were mixed up and used together.In the course of their encounter with Western genres,stylistic concepts that were originally Chinese had their connotations narrowed or expanded and at the same time were injected with Western content.The innovations resulting from these changes evolved into modern stylistic concepts,reflecting the dialogue and transformation of Chinese and Western forms.Studying the historical generation and stylistic reconstruction of the Western cataloguing of Chinese works and its classification of modern Chinese literature can help clarify the complex scholarly logic of the early modern historical evolution of Chinese literature and reveals profound changes in modern Chinese literary concepts,the definition of literary forms and the knowledge system.