烟台市某起重机生产项目职业病危害控制效果评价

Evaluation on control effect of occupational hazards in a crane production project in Yantai City

目的识别烟台市某起重机生产项目产生的职业病危害因素,分析其危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响,评价职业病危害防护措施及其效果,对未达到职业病危害防护要求的系统或单元提出职业病控制措施的建议。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查、检查表法、检测检验法和职业健康检查进行定性和定量分析评价。结果该项目生产工艺过程中产生的职业病危害因素有电焊烟尘、砂轮磨尘、其他粉尘、锰及其化合物、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、臭氧、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、噪声、手传振动、电焊弧光、高温及工频电场。喷漆间、调漆间个体长时间接触甲苯浓度(75.75~81.44 mg/m^3)和定点短时间接触甲苯浓度(101.70~113.90 mg/m^3)不符合职业接触限值的要求;铆工、电焊工和喷砂工个体接触噪声强度不符合职业接触限值的要求。关键控制点是苯、甲苯、二甲苯和噪声。结论该项目应改进防尘毒措施,补充职业健康检查项目,完善职业卫生管理制度和警示标识,在采取相应的改进措施建议后可以达到控制工作场所职业病危害和保护工人身体健康的目的。

[Objective] To identify the occupational hazards generated in a crane production project in Yantai City, analyze the damage degree and influence on the health of the workers, evaluate the protective measures and effects of occupational hazards, and put forward some suggestions on the occupational disease control measures for the system or unit that did not meet the requirements of occupational hazards protection. [Methods] The field occupational health survey, checklist method, test method and occupational health examination were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation. [Results] The occupational hazards generated in the process of production included welding smoke, grinding dust, other dust, manganese and its compound, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, benzene, toluene, xylene, noise, hand vibration, welding arc light, high temperature, power frequency electric field. The individual long time contact toluene concentration（75.75-81.44 mg/m^3） and short time contact toluene concentration at fixed point （101.70-113.90 mg/m^3） in the spray paint room and the lacquer room did not meet the requirements for occupational exposure limits. The individual contact noise intensity of the riveter, welder and sandblasted worker did not meet the requirements for occupational exposure limits. The critical control points were benzene, toluene, xylene and noise.[Conclusion] The project should improve the dustproof measures, supplement the occupational health inspection projects, and improve the occupational health management system and warning signs. The purpose of controlling the occupational hazards in the workplace and protecting the health of the workers can be achieved after the corresponding improvement measures are taken.