2013—2017年西安市高陵区法定传染病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Gaoling District of Xi'an City from 2013-2017

目的了解2013—2017年西安市高陵区法定传染病的流行病学特征,为高陵区制定相应防控策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2013—2017年高陵区报告的法定传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果共报告法定传染病22种10 453例(无甲类传染病,乙类传染病15种2 074例,丙类传染病7种8 379例),年均发病率613.59/10万,年均死亡率0.88/10万。其中男性6 064例,女性4 389例,男女发病性别比1.38∶1;0~4岁年龄段发病数最多,占68.54%(7 165/10 453);乙类传染病发病无明显高峰月份,丙类传染病发病高峰月份为4—7月和11—12月,共占丙类传染病总数67.93%(5 692/8 379);病例职业以散居儿童(5 863例)、托幼儿童(1 710例)和农民(1 182例)为主,共占报告病例总数83.76%。传染病构成以肠道传染病为主(8 145例,占77.92%),呼吸道传染病次之(1 405例,占13.44%);具体病种以手足口病为主(5 118例,占48.96%),其他感染性腹泻次之(2 552例,占24.41%),但两者均呈逐年下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=8.31、509.77,均P<0.05)。结论西安市高陵区传染病防制重点应以肠道传染病和呼吸道传染病为主,尤其是手足口病和其他感染性腹泻。对高发人群和重点人群宜采用多种形式展开宣传教育并做好疾病监测报告工作。

[ Objective ] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Gaoling District of Xi＇an City from 2013-2017, provide basis for developing corresponding prevention and control strategies in Gaoling District. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic data of notifiable infectious disease in Gaoling District from 2013-2017. [Results] Totally 10 453 cases of 22 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported（including 2 074 cases of 15 kinds of categories B infectious diseases and 8 379 cases of seven kinds of categories C infectious diseases, and there was no case of categories A infectious diseases）. The average annual incidence rate was 613.59/lakh and the average annual mortality rate was 0.88/lakh. There were 6 064 male cases and 4 389 female cases, and the ratio of male-to-female of 1.38：1. The case number in age group of 0-4 year-old was the highest, accounting for 68.54% （7 165/10 453）. Categories B infectious diseases showed no obvious peak. However, the peak seasons of categories C infectious diseases appeared April to July and November to December, which the cases accounted for 67.93% （5 692/8 379） of the total cases of categories C infectious diseases. The main occupations of the patients were scattered children（5 863 cases）, kindergarten children （1 710 cases） and farmers （1 182 cases）, totally accounting for 83.76% of the total cases. Most of cases were intestinal diseases （8 145 cases, accounting for 77.92%）, followed by respiratory diseases（1 405 cases, accounting for 13.44%）. The major affected diseases were hand-foot- and-mouth disease（5 118 cases, accounting for 48.96%） and other infection diarrhea（2 552 cases, accounting for 24.41%）, and both of them showed downward trend （x^2趋势=8.31, 509.77, both P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] In Gaoling District of Xi＇an City, the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases should focus on the intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases, especially hand-foot-and-mouth disease and other infection diarrhea. It is important to carry out publicity and education among high incidence population and high risk population in various forms, and improve disease surveillance reports.