河北省四城市PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃污染水平及健康风险评价

Pollution level and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_(2.5) of four cities in Hebei Province

目的评价河北省四城市细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染水平及健康风险。方法于2016年11月—2017年10月检测石家庄市、唐山市、保定市、张家口市PM_(2.5)中16种PAHs浓度,采用苯并[a]芘(BaP)致癌等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度(R)2个指标评价4城市采暖期和非采暖期PAHs人群健康风险。结果唐山市、保定市、张家口市采暖期PAHs浓度高于非采暖期浓度;石家庄市、唐山市、保定市、张家口市BaP年平均浓度均超标,分别为6.58、3.59、3.89、4.81 ng/m^3,石家庄市超标倍数最大,为5.58倍。采暖期4座城市R由高到低依次为张家口市、保定市、唐山市、石家庄市,非采暖期和全年R排序为石家庄市、保定市、唐山市、张家口市。石家庄市非采暖期R高于采暖期R,其余3市为采暖期R高于非采暖期R。不同人群R由高到低依次为成人、青少年、儿童。儿童、青少年女性高于男性(张家口市非采暖期儿童、青少年女性和男性相同),成人男性高于女性。不同时期PAHs的R范围分别采暖期为2.9×10^(-7)~5.28×10^(-6)之间,非采暖期为6.0×10^(-8)~1.30×10^(-6)之间,全年为3.4×10^(-7)~1.13×10^(-6)之间。结论河北省四城市PM_(2.5)中PAHs污染水平和健康风险具有时间变化性,健康风险存在较低的致癌风险。

[Objective] To assess the pollution level and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in PM2.5 of four cities in Hebei Province. [Methods] From November 2016 to October 2017, the concentrations of 16 kinds of PAHs in PM2.5 of Shijiazhuang City, Tangshan City, Baoding City and Zhangjiakou City were detected. The health risk of PAHs in heating period and non heating period of four cities were assessed by benzo [a] pyrene （BaP） carcinogenic equivalent concentration and the average life-long carcinogenic risk （R）. [Results] Concentrations of PAHs in heating period were higher than those in non heating period in Tangshan City, Baoding City and Zhangjiakou City. The annual average concentrations of BaP in Shijiazhuang City, Tangshan City, Baoding City and Zhangjiakou City exceeded the national maximum permissable level, which was respectively 6.58, 3.59, 3.89 and 4.81 ng/m^3, and the excursion limits in Shijiazhuang City was the largest, which was 5.58 times. R of four cities ranked from high to low were Zhangjiakou City, Baoding City, Tangshan City and Shijiazhuang City in heating period, while Shijiazhuang City, Baoding City, Tangshan City and Zhangjiakou City in non heating period. R in heating period of Shijiazhuang City was higher than that in heating period and the other three cities were opposite. R of different populations ranked from high to low were adults, teenagers and children. R of children and young women was higher than that of men （there was no difference in R among children, young women and men during non heating period in Zhangjiakou City）, and R of adult males was higher than that of females. The R range of PAHs in different periods was as follows： 2.9×10^-5.28×10^-4 in heating period, 6.0×10^-8-1.30×10^-6 in non heating period, 3.4×10^-7-1.13×10^-6 in the whole year.[Conclusion] The pollution level and health risk of PAHs in PM2.5 of four cities show temporal change, and the carcinogenic risk is in low level.