马克思政治经济学批判中的法权观探析

On the Concept of Right in Marx's Critique of Political Economy

法权关系是一种反映着经济关系的意志关系和权利关系。所有权、平等和自由是资产阶级法权的主要表现形式,它是由资本作为交换价值运动的逻辑所决定的。资产阶级法权包含着自身的矛盾,这种矛盾集中体现在劳动力商品上。工人劳动时间的长短对于资方和劳方来说都是一个模糊地带,这里蕴藏着资产阶级和无产阶级两大历史权利对抗的根源。这种对抗只有通过以争夺政治权力为目标的阶级斗争才能真正解决。只有从交换价值的运动中引出资本逻辑,从资本运动的逻辑中引出法权逻辑,才能完整展示马克思政治经济学批判的深层逻辑。《资本论》的理论体系是经济关系和法权关系的辩证统一。

Right is generated from economic relations. Private ownership,equality and freedom are the main forms of bourgeois right,which is determined by the logic of capital movement. The bourgeois right includes internal antagonism which is mainly concerned with labor as commodity. The length of working time is a vague zone for both the capital and the labor,which is the source of the antagonism between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat as embodiment of two major historical rights. The conflict can only be solved by class struggle which aims for political power. Only by derivation of the capital logic from the movement of exchange value and the logic of right from capital movement can we fully demonstrate the deep logic of Marx's critique of political economy. The theoretical system of Das Kapital is the dialectical unity of the economic relations and the right relations.