面向情感分析的构式主观态度义初探

A primary investigation of constructions expressing subjective attitudes for sentiment analysis

文本情感分析是目前自然语言处理领域的前沿研究课题。本文考察了两类跟情感表达有关的构式:[+程度]构式(42条)和[+主观态度]构式(185条),前者表达情感的强度;后者的表达功能具体包括三种情况:评价、情感和立场。评价是指依据一定的标准对某实体或事件做出价值判断。情感是指对外界刺激肯定或否定的心理反应,如喜欢、愤怒、悲伤、恐惧、爱慕、厌恶等。立场是指对某人的观点或意愿表达接受、反对或不置可否。一个具体的[+主观态度]构式可以只包含上述一种情况(如只表达评价),也可以包含不止一种情况(如同时表达情感和立场)。有的[+主观态度]构式除了上述主要表达功能之外,还有附加语义特征(如同时表达情感和后果)。为了帮助计算机做文本情感分析,本文设立了主观态度语义要素7元组<主体,对象,类型,强度,动因,后果,命令>,并讨论了从句子中抽取这些语义要素的规则。

Sentiment analysis is a frontier research topic in the field of natural language processing. This article discusses two types of constructions related to sentiment analysis ： degree constructions and sentiment constructions. We gathered a grand total of 227 instances of beth types, including 42 degree constructions and 185 sentiment constructions. While degree constructions can alter sentiment intensity, sentiment constructions can convey sentiment independently. The latter contains three sub- types： evaluation, emotion and standpoint. Evaluation refers to judging the value of an entity or event based on certain criteria. Emotion refers to positive or negative psychological reactions to external stimuli, such as like, anger, sadness, fear, love, disgust and so on. Standpoint refers to one＇ s views or wishes, containing support, opposition, or be noncommittal. A specific sentiment construction may contain only one of the above semantic features, e. g., expressing evaluation only, or more fea- tures, e.g. , expressing emotion as well as standpoint. Some sentiment constructions can contain more semantic features, e. g. , expressing emotions as well as consequences in addition to the main expressive functions described above. In order to help the computer to do the task of sentiment analysis, this paper also discusses the semantic dements of sentiment 〈 subject, object, type, strength, motivation, consequences, command 〉 and the syntactic realization of each elements.