清代“西游戏”重构故事的独异性--以牛魔王家族故事为例

On the Restatement of the His-yu Chi Dramas in the Qing Dynasty:The Bull King's Family Story

后百回本时代的"西游戏"在重述故事时,不一定步武原著,而往往基于戏曲文本系统自身的艺术传统和经验轨迹,表现出异于小说案头经验的独立自足性。"牛魔王家族故事"就是典型的一例。清代戏曲作品对该故事的独异性重构,主要体现在四个方面:重心偏移、承袭旧制、渲染局部和重新架构。而这是与戏曲的"曲本位"和"脚色制"等艺术成规以及世情化的时代审美风尚密不可分的。以往将这类戏曲作品笼统归入小说"影响"范畴,以百回本案头经验为准绳,作预设性判断的研究,是有失偏颇的。

The dramas of His-yu Chi,which are created after the 100 chapters of the published version,did not followthe original novel exactly when they restated the stories. However,the dramas' narrative convention and experiences are independent and self-sufficient due to the art tradition. The story of Bull King's family is typically such a case. The dramas in the Qing Dynasty had very distinctive restatements of this story,such as the deviation from the major plot,adoption of the conventionality from the original text,the partial rendering and the overall reconstructing,due to the art rules such as "music-oriented" and "role system" and the aesthetic trend of the Qing Dynasty. These dramas used to be labeled as"products under the novel's influence",and thus some presupposed judgments about them were made based on the text of the original novel,which are not appropriate.