膳食及生活行为方式对血小板功能的影响——系统综述

INFLUENCE OF DIET AND LIFE STYLES ON PLATELET FUNCTION:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

目的综述膳食营养及生活行为方式与血小板功能的关系,为制定心血管事件防控策略提供依据。方法计算机检索CochraneLibrary、PubMed、Ovid和中国生物医学文献数据库于2008～2017年间发表的与膳食营养及生活行为方式对血小板功能影响相关的已发表的meta分析、系统综述、随机对照试验和观察性研究文献。结果从检索到的7330篇文献中共筛选出24篇符合纳入标准的文献,其中膳食模式6篇,食物8篇,生活方式10篇。主要发现及证据包括:1、健康膳食模式(地中海膳食、低GI膳食)可促进血小板健康;2、可可及其制品、番茄及其水溶性提取物、富含膳食硝酸盐的根茎类蔬菜的摄入可有效抑制血小板聚集;3、长期规律的有氧运动、适量饮酒可抑制血小板聚集;4、长期吸烟会激活血小板、增加血小板分泌,从而损害血小板功能。结论基于现有证据,认为遵循健康膳食模式(地中海膳食、低GI膳食),适量摄入可可、番茄及其提取物、富含膳食硝酸盐的根茎类蔬菜,并结合规律的中低强度有氧运动、戒烟限酒的生活行为方式可抑制血小板聚集、粘附和分泌功能,从而改善血循环,降低心血管事件的发生风险。

Objective To summarize the influence of diet and life styles on platelet function, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease. Methods We searched articles including meta-analysis, systematic review, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies related to the effects of diet and life styles on platelet function through the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid and SinoMed from 2008 to 2017. Results Among the 7330 articles 24 eligible studies （6 about dietary patterns, 8 about foods, and 10 about life styles） were obtained. The main findings and evidence included： 1. Healthy diet （Mediterranean diet, low GI diet） could promote platelet health; 2. Ingestion of Cocoa and its products, tomato and its water-soluble extract, and vegetables rich in dietary nitrate effectively inhibited platelet aggregation; 3. Long-term regular aerobic exercise with moderate drinking suppressed platelet aggregation; 4. Smoking would increase platelet secretion and activate platelets. Conclusion Based on the available evidence, it is considered that adherence to healthy dietary pattern （Mediterranean diet, low GI diet） and adequate intake of cocoa, tomato and its extracts, vegetables rich in dietary nitrate, combined with favorable life styles （regular low-intensity aerobic exercise, no smoking and moderate wine consumption） can inhibit platelet aggregation, adhesion and secretion, which will improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular adverse events.