中国9省3~17岁儿童青少年ALA/EPA/DHA/DPA摄入量及来源分析

DIETARY INTAKE OF ALA/EPA/DHA/DPA AND FOOD SOURCES AMONG CHINESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AGED 3-17 YEARS

目的研究了解中国9省3～17岁儿童青少年的4种n-3多不饱和脂肪酸[十八碳-9,12,15-三烯酸(ALA,全顺)、二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸(EPA,全顺)、二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,全顺)、二十二碳-7,10,13,16,19-五烯酸(DPA、全顺)]的摄入量及食物来源。方法选用"中国居民健康与营养调查"2011年3～17岁儿童青少年为本次研究对象,结合中国食物成分表,分析3d 24h膳食调查数据,获得4种n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ALA/EPA/DHA/DPA)的摄入量及食物来源。结果全国3～6岁、7～9岁、10～13岁、14～17岁儿童青少年的ALA平均摄入量分别为1.6g、1.9g、2.0g、2.3g,呈逐渐增加的趋势,不同组之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。不同年龄组的EPA的平均摄入量分别为7.2、17.9、13.0、16.9 mg (组间差异,P<0.001);DHA的平均摄入量分别为5.9、17.6、12.1、18.4mg(组间差异,P<0.001);DPA的平均摄入量分别为0.8、2.3、2.3、3.2 mg (组间差异,P<0.001)。ALA的主要食物来源是食用油(60.21%),其次为禽畜肉类(12.09%)和大豆及其制品(11.16%)。EPA/DHA/DPA的主要食物来源都是水产品(分别为78.44%,87.47%,98.55%)。结论我国3～17岁儿童青少年中,一半以上的EPA/DHA/DPA摄入量过低,应增加膳食中的海藻类和深海鱼,保证各类n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量。

Objective To investigate the dietary intake and food sources of 4 kinds of PUFAs （ALA/EPA/DHA/DPA） among Chinese toddlers and adolescents aged 3-17 years. Methods The subjects in present study were 3-17 years old toddlers and adolescents enrolled in the China Health and Nutrition Study （CHNS） 2011. Based on Chinese Food Composition database, the data of 3-day dietary recording were analyzed to calculate the intake of ALA/EPA/DHA/DPA and their food sources. Results The intake of ALA among 3-6 years old, 7-9, 10-13 years, 14-17 years old toddlers and adolescents were 1.6g, 1.9g, 2.0g and 2.3g, respective （P=0.002）. The intake of EPA among them were 7.2mg, 17.9mg, 13.0mr and 16.9mr, respectively （P〈0.001）. The intake of DHA among them were 5.9mg, 17.6mg, 12.ling and 18.4mg, respectively （P〈0.001）. The intake of DPA among them were 0.8 rag, 2.3 mg, 2.2 mg and 3.2 mr, respectively （P〈0.001）. The predominant food source of ALA was cooking oil （60.21%）, followed by of livestock meats （12.09%） and soybean （including its products） （11.16%）. The predominant food source of EPA/DHA/DPA was all aquatic products （78.44%, 87.47% and 98.55%）. Conclusion The intakes of EPA/DHA/DPA among more than half of Chinese toddlers and adolescents were too low. Marine algae and oily fish derived marine should be added to their dinner to ensure adequate n-3 PUFAs intake.