基于RAPD、ISSR标记的国兰种质资源遗传多样性研究

Study on Genetic Diversity of China Orchid Resources Using RAPD and ISSR Markers

旨在分析不同地区国兰间的亲缘关系,为国兰资源的开发及新品种的选育提供分子水平的参考依据。利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术,对7种国兰的21个品种资源进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果表明:39个RAPD和ISSR引物在供试材料中共扩增出96条带型清晰的谱带,其中31条为多态性条带;通过UPGMA聚类分析表明,21个国兰品种资源间遗传距离在1.91~6.60之间,其中春兰资源的遗传距离在1.91~4.38之间,建兰资源的遗传距离在2.60~6.20之间,寒兰资源的遗传距离在2.20~5.80之间,墨兰资源的遗传距离在3.52~6.60之间,表现出了较高的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果与传统的形态学分类结果基本一致,也说明分子标记可以在分子水平反映遗传资源的遗传多样性,具有灵敏度高、结果真实可靠等优点。本研究结果显示国兰品种间的亲缘关系与地理位置分布相关,为兰属植物的分类及遗传多样性研究提供了一定的理论支撑。

The research aims at analyzing genetic relationship among China orchid in different areas, andproviding reference for the resources exploitation and new variety breeding of China orchid at the molecularlevel.With RAPD and ISSR markers, the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 21 cultivars of 7 speciesin China orchid were analyzed. The results showed that 96 clear bands were amplified with 39 RAPD and ISSRprimers, 31 of these were polymorphic strips. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance rangedfrom 1.91 to 6.60 among 21 China orchid cultivars, the genetic distance of Cymbidium. goeringii was 1.91-4.38, the genetic distance of C. ensifolium was 2.60-6.20, the genetic distance of C. kanran Makino wasbetween 2.20 and 5.80, the genetic distance of C. sinense was between 3.52 and 6.60, which showed highergenetic diversity. The results of cluster analysis were basically consistent with the traditional morphologicalclassification results, indicating that genetic markers could reflect genetic resources diversity at the molecularlevel, with the advantages of high sensitivity and reliable results. It is concluded that there are somecorrelations between genetic relationship and geographical location among China orchid varieties and the studyprovide certain theory support for Cymbidium classification and genetic diversity research.