一种消毒剂对陕西关中东部温室西瓜生长及土壤的影响

Effect of a Disinfectant on Greenhouse Watermelon Growth and Soil in Eastern Guanzhong of Shaanxi

渭南是陕西省西瓜种植主产区,但多年连作种植加上不科学的田间管理使得土壤理化性质恶化,病虫害加剧,果实品质下降等问题突出。为了有效地改良土壤环境,促进当地西瓜产业的发展,本试验以当地主栽品种——小型礼品西瓜‘玲珑王’为供试作物,探究了使用一种土壤消毒剂之后温室西瓜的生长、根结线虫发病以及土壤微生物数量和酶活性的变化。结果表明:西瓜生长后期株高茎粗随着消毒剂浓度的增加都有所增加;植株总鲜重、西瓜产量和可溶性固形物均表现为52.5 kg/hm^2浓度的处理最高,且产量比对照高7.30%;随着消毒剂浓度的增加土壤根结线虫发病率明显降低,二者相关系数为0.7475;加入消毒剂之后土壤在0~10、10~20 cm土层细菌总数均低于对照,而4种土壤酶的活性均高于对照,且蔗糖酶与碱性磷酸酶的活性也表现为52.5 kg/hm^2浓度的处理最高。

Weinan is a major watermelon cultivation area in Shaanxi. However, continuous cropping andmismanaged field practices have led to local soil deterioration, which causes intensified diseases and pestsattack and considerable watermelon quality decrease. To overcome this problem, a disinfectant is applied tolocal main cultivar, mini watermelon genotype‘Linglongwang＇, to explore the effect on greenhouse watermelongrowth, incidence of root-knot nematode, microorganism and soil enzymes. The results showed that the plantheight and stem diameter increased with the increase of disinfectant concentration in the later growth stage ofplant. Total fresh weight, yield and soluble solids all reached the highest under the disinfectant concentrationof 52.5 kg/hm^2. The yield per hectare also increased by 7.30% compared with that of CK. Moreover, theincidence of root-knot nematode decreased significantly with the increase of disinfectant level, the correlationcoefficient was 0.7475. Soil total bacterial count decreased in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers after theaddition of disinfectant, while the activities of four soil enzymes increased compared with that of CK. Theactivities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were also the highest at 52.5 kg/hm^2 level of disinfectantapplication.