复合微生物肥对宁南旱地马铃薯产量和品质的影响

Compound Microbial Fertilizer: Effect on Yield and Quality of Potato in Dryland of Southern Ningxia

为明确复合微生物肥对宁南旱地马铃薯产量、品质、水分利用效率的影响及其合理用量,以‘庄薯3号’为材料于2015年在宁夏南部雨养农田进行田间试验,分析不同肥料用量对马铃薯产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在常规化肥等量养分条件下,施用复合微生物肥提高马铃薯株高、茎粗以及主茎数,与对照相比差异显著(P<0.05)。施用复合微生物肥提高马铃薯单株块茎数、单株产量、大中薯质量百分比。与常规化肥相比,复合微生物肥提高了马铃薯还原糖、维生素C、淀粉及干物质含量,提高了马铃薯品质。马铃薯增产率为1.0%~14.7%,水分利用效率增加率为4.3%~17.6%,通过水肥效应方程拟合得出复合微生物肥的最高产量/水分利用效率施肥量分别为954.8、1415 kg/hm^2,在宁南旱地施用750 kg/hm^2时即可获得高产,因此分析认为宁南旱地马铃薯施用量在750~1415 kg/hm^2范围内可获得高产并实现水分高效。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different compound microbial fertilizers on yield, quality and water use efficiency of potato at rain fed farmland in southern Ningxia in 2015. ‘ Zhuangshu No.3＇ was taken as the material to determine the appropriate application amount of compound microbial fertilizers. There were 5 treatments in the experiment, farmer conventional fertilizer treatment （CK）, compound microbial fertilizer 375, 750, 1125, 1500 kg/hm2. The results showed that： under the same amount of conventional fertilizer, increasing compound microbial fertilizer application rate could improve the plant height, stem diameter and stem number of potato, and the difference was significant compared with the control （P〈0.05）. Compound microbial fertilizer increased potato tuber number per plant, yield per plant and medium and large potato percentage. Compared with conventional fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer increased the contents of reducing sugar, vitamin C, starch and dry matter, and improved the quality of potato. The yield increase rate of potato was 1.0%-14.7%, the increase rate of water use efficiency was 4.3%-17.6%. The water and fertilizer effect equation showed that the highest yield and the highest water use efficiency of microbial fertilizer amount was 954.8 and 1415 kg/hm2, respectively. The application of 750 kg/hm2 compound microbial fertilizer could obtain high yield. So, the reasonable application of compound microbial fertilizer could be 750- 1415 kg/hm2 in the dryland of southern Ningxia.