河南沿黄稻区直播稻与常规优质稻稻米品质比较分析

Direct Sowing Rice and Conventional High Quality Rice in Henan Alongside the Yellow River:Grain Quality Comparative Analysis

为研究沿黄稻区直播稻稻米品质与常规插秧稻稻米品质的差异,本研究选取6个直播水稻品种、8个插秧水稻品种以及7种优质商品稻米,对其加工品质、外观品质、食味品质以及营养品质性状进行系统的比较。结果表明:整体上,直播稻的精米率高于插秧稻,垩白粒率和垩白度、直链淀粉含量以及食味值低于插秧稻,高于商品稻米;蛋白质含量高于插秧稻,低于商品稻米;除此之外,相对于插秧稻和商品稻米,直播稻品种的崩解值较大,消减值较小;缬氨酸和胱氨酸含量较高,蛋氨酸含量较低,其余氨基酸含量均低于插秧稻,高于商品稻米。综合所有品质性状指标发现,在选取的6个直播稻品种中,‘新稻568’、‘郑稻201’和‘新稻567’在河南沿黄地区直播条件下的稻米加工品质、外观品质、食味品质以及营养品质都与常规栽培的优质稻米相当。因此,可以通过品种选择在保障产量与品质的前提下通过直播简化水稻栽培过程。

To study the difference of grain quality between direct sowing rice and conventional transplanting rice alongside the Yellow River rice cultivation area, we selected 6 direct sowing rice varieties, 8 transplanting rice varieties and 7 high quality commercial rice varieties to compare their milling quality, appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality. The results showed that： compared with transplanting rice and commercial rice, the milled rice rate of direct sowing rice was higher than that of transplanting rice, while the chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree, amylose content, food taste value of direct sowing rice was lower than that of transplanting rice, but higher than that of commercial rice; and the protein content of direct sowing rice was higher than that of transplanting rice, but lower than that of commercial rice; in addition, the direct sowing rice varieties had higher breakdown viscosity, smaller setback viscosity, higher valine and eystine content, lower methionine content, and the other amino acid contents were all lower than those of transplanting rice varieties, but higher than those of the commercial rice. Combined with all the quality traits, it is found that among the 6 direct sowing rice varieties, the processing quality, appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality of ＇Xindao 568＇, ＇Zhengdao 201＇ and ＇Xindao 567＇ are comparative to those of conventional high-quality rice. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the rice cultivation by direct sowing with ensuring yield and quality through variety selection.