晋南黄土残塬沟壑区梨园土壤养分评价──以山西隰县为例

Nutrients Assessment of Pear Orchard Soil on the Loess-gully Region of Shanxi:A Case of Xi County

为给晋南黄土残塬沟壑区梨园土壤养分评价提供科学依据,从而合理进行土壤培肥,在县域尺度下采集48个覆盖隰县梨园的典型土样,通过主成分和方差分析模块对其养分分布特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)隰县梨园0~20 cm土层中,大量养分相对适中;20~60 cm土层中,全磷和速效钾适中,其余大量养分偏低。(2)研究区梨园整个土层中有效铜含量适中,有效硼明显不足,其余微量养分含量偏低。(3)对梨园进行土壤养分综合评价,结果表明研究区NI_(mac)和NI_(mic)(土壤大量和微量养分综合指数)主要分布在较低(Ⅳ)级,且各土层中1~5年生梨园有效样本在NI_(mic)为低级(Ⅴ)所占比例均明显高于10~20年生梨园。随着土层的加深,1~5年生梨园有效样本在NI_(mac)和NI_(mic)为低级(Ⅴ)的样本所占比例有明显降低的趋势;10~20年生梨园有效样本在各土层养分分布趋势相差不大。该区梨园土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效锌及有效硼的含量有待提高,1~5年生梨园土壤养分有待提高。

To provide a scientific basis for pear orchard soil nutrients assessment in the loess-gully region of Shanxi for rational soil fertilization, 48 soil samples were selected in Xi County, distribution characteristics of nutrients were analyzed by principal component analysis and variance analysis. The results showed that： （1） at 0-20 cm soil layer, the contents of macro nutrients were virtually moderate, at 20-60 cm soil layer, the contents of total P and available K were virtually moderate, the contents of other macro nutrients were relatively low; （2） the content of available Cu was virtually moderate, available B was significantly absent, and the contents of other trace elements were relatively scarce; （3） a comprehensive evaluation on soil nutrition showed that the NImac （macro nutrient index） and Nlmio（micro nutrient index） were basically at lower （IV） level, and the percentage of NImic and NLio which were at low （V） level in 1-5 years old pear orchard were significantly higher than that of 10-20 years old pear orchard. With the increase of soil depth, the percentage of NImac and NImic at low （V） level in 1-5 years old pear orchard tended to decline, but the distribution of NImac was consistent in 10- 20 years old pear orchard at 0-60 cm soil layer. Contents of organic matter, available N, Zn and B should be improved in this region, and soil nutrients of 1-5 years old pear orchard should be enhanced.