儒家怎么看待数据隐私问题——兼论“数据化儒家”的可能性

Confucianist View of Data Privacy——Concurrently Discussion on the Possibility of "Digitalized Confucianism"

若从历史唯物论的角度重新解读儒家复古思想的经济学意蕴,儒家学说背后的经济学动机就可以被重构如下:儒家对于"礼治"相对于"法治"而言的优先性的强调,其实是为了方便宗族经济的主导者将与特定经济与社会活动相关的数据管理权尽量锁定在宗族层面上,由此实现以"小政府加大社会"为结构特点的"周政"。而与之对应的"秦政模式",则试图通过乡土经济运行数据的全面透明化而建立起古典时代的"大数据管理模式",并由此通过全能性政府的构建来尽量压缩社会的自我治理机能。因此,与一些现代自由主义者对于儒家"压抑私营经济主体之自主权"的指控相反,古典儒家恰恰是通过某些复杂的"费边战术"来为宗族层面上的"数据隐私权"提供特定的保护措施。虽然很难说儒家的这一数据隐私保护措施在历史上所起到的作用始终是正面的,但是面对当代世界的个体隐私权全面受到大数据技术威胁,基于宗族意识的儒家隐私观,在经历了对于"宗族"概念的现代化解释之后,或许能够有力地补充基于个体的西方自由主义隐私观。而小数据技术与家用机器人技术的结合,以及对于区块链技术的合理运用,则可能在人口老龄化的背景下,为上述儒式信息观的复兴提供切实的技术载体。

From the perspective of historical materialism, the economical motivations underlying the traditional Confucianist ideology of "returning to the ancients" can be reconstructed as the follows: Confucians′ emphasis on the priority of "rituals" over "laws" would facilitate clans′ patriarchs′ management of local economic resources without revealing too much data on relevant economic activities to an omnipotent government working on a higher level. Accordingly, the political model is traditionally categorized as "The Political Model of Zhou Dynasty". By contrast, "The Political Model of Qin Dynasty", which has long be criticized by Confucians, could be viewed as a management mode based on some primitive form of big data technology, and would naturally undermine the economic autonomy of local clans. Hence, the Fabian strategy that Confucians used to approach to realizing "The Political Model of Zhou Dynasty" can be accordingly read as their attempts to protect their data privacy. In this sense, contrary to some stereotype of Confucianism, the Confucian view of data privacy bears some affinity with its liberalist counterpart and hence deserves a systematic reconstruction. The resulting updated form of Confucianism can be labeled as "Digitalized Confucianism", which is hybrid form containing both traditional Confucianist doctrines and appropriate technical means for protecting data privacy, such as block chain technology, small data technology and domestic robotics.