滴灌条件下不同氮磷耦合对叶用枸杞产量及其构成的影响

Effects of the Ratio of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in Drip Fertigation on Yield and Yield Components of Chinese Wolfberry

【目的】探讨滴灌条件下适宜叶用枸杞水肥一体化生产的氮磷质量浓度。【方法】以5 a生枸杞"宁杞9号"为试验材料,在钾素质量浓度统一为40 mg/L的基础上,采用二因素三水平随机区组试验设计,氮素质量浓度设40、60、80 mg/L共3个水平,分别记为N1、N2、N3,磷素质量浓度设10、20、30 mg/L共3个水平,分别记为P1、P2、P3,研究了不同氮磷耦合对叶用枸杞产量、产量构成要素、产投比的影响。【结果】不同氮素质量浓度对叶用枸杞芽数与鲜质量的影响不明显,不同磷素质量浓度对叶用枸杞芽数与鲜质量的影响明显,在P3水平下,叶用枸杞芽数与鲜质量均显著提高。不同氮磷组合对叶用枸杞产量、肥料经济效益影响明显,产投比最高的组合是N1P1,其产量为14 220 kg/hm^2,产投比高达38.33,在N2P3组合下叶用枸杞产量最高(16 095 kg/hm^2),产投比处于中间水平,但其净收益最高。【结论】钾素质量浓度为40 mg/L时,全生育期叶用枸杞灌溉肥液以N2P3为宜,能使叶用枸杞获得高产,并且节约肥料成本,增加经济收益。

[Objective] Rationally coupling different fertilizers in fertigation can improve nutrient use efficacy and food quality. This paper aimed to experimentally study the optimal ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus when they were used together with irrigation to fertilize Chinese woliberry. [Method] The experiments were conduct- ed in field with the Chinese wolfberry ＂Ningqi 9＂ as the model plant. A two-factor and three-level randomized block design was designed based on a uniform potassium concentration of 40 mg/L. We considered three nitrogen concentrations： 40 mg/L （Nl）, 60 mg/L （N2） and 80 mg/L （N3）, and three phosphorus concentrations： l0 mg/L （P1）, 20 mg/L （/2） and 30 mg/L （P3）. In all treatments, we measured the yield, the yield components, as well as the return of the investment in fertilizers. [Method] The effects of nitrogen concentration on the number and fresh weight of the wolfberry were not noticeable, as opposed to the P concentration. All treatments with P3 sig- nificantly increased the number and fresh weight of the wolfberry. Different N： P ratios had significant effect on the yield of the wolfberry and economic return of the fertilizers. The best N：P ratio was N1-P1, with a yield of 14 220 kg/hm^2 and input ： output ratio of 38.33. N2-P3 gave the highest yield, reaching 16 095 kg/hm^2, with a moderate input-output ratio but highest economic return. [Conclusion] When the potassium concentration was 40 rag/L, the suitable nutrient solution used in fertigation was N2-P3 for the wolfberry, reducing fertilizer costs and increasing investment return.