内蒙古乌拉山地区蝴蝶群落多样性分析

The Community Diversity Analysis of Butterflies in Wula Mountain Region from Inner Mongolia

本研究对乌拉山地区蝴蝶的多样性进行了调查.该地区蝴蝶计有32种,隶属于5科28属.粉蝶科(Pieridae)蝴蝶个体数量最多,占该地区蝴蝶总数41.82%.多样性Shannon-Wiener指数顺序:灰蝶科(Lycaenidae)>眼蝶科(Satyridae)>弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)>蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)>粉蝶科(Pieridae);均匀度Pielou指数顺序:弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)>灰蝶科(Lycaenidae)>眼蝶科(Satyridae)>蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)>粉蝶科(Pieridae);优势度Simpson指数顺序:粉蝶科(Pieridae)>蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)>弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)>眼蝶科(Satyridae)>灰蝶科(Lycaenidae).对不同生境蝴蝶群落多样性特征分析显示,导致蝴蝶多样性减少的主要原因是放牧和环境恶化.研究结果与包头九峰山蝴蝶多样性比较发现,蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)在九峰山观测到16属,而在乌拉山观测到8属,说明蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)更适应低海拔的环境生存.

The diversity of butterflies in Mt. Wulashan was investigated in this paper. There are 32 spe cies belonging to 28 genera and 5 families in the WuI.a Mountain region. Among them,Pieridae have the largest number of individuals, occupying 41.82 of the total number of butterflies in the area. The diversi ty analysis results show that Shannon wiener index is： Lycaenidae〉Satyridae〉Hesperiidae〉Nymphalidae 〉Pieridae ; The Pielou index is ： Hesperiidae〉 Lycaenidae〉 Satyridae〉 Nymphalidae〉 Pieridae ; The Simp son index （D） is： Pieridae〉Nymphalidae〉Hesperiidae〉Satyridae〉Lycaenidae. According to the diversity characteristics of butterfly communities in different habitats,and the main reasons for the recluction of but terfly diversity were grazing and environmental degradation. Compared with the diversity of butterflies in Jiufeng Mountian,it showned that 16 genera of Nymphalidae were observed in Jiufeng Mountian,and 8 genera of Nymphalidae were observed in WuLa Mountain region. It is indicated that Nymphalidae is more adaptable than low altitude environment.