舌下免疫治疗对粉尘螨过敏哮喘患儿气道炎症及免疫失衡的影响

Effect of sublingual immunotherapy on airway inflammation and immune imbalance in children with allergic asthma induced by dermatophagoides dust mite

目的探究舌下免疫治疗对粉尘螨过敏哮喘患儿气道炎症及免疫失衡的影响.方法搜集2014年12月至2017年12月期间本院收治的150例粉尘螨过敏哮喘患儿临床资料,并展开回顾性研究,依照治疗方法分为对照组与观察组;对照组78例单用糖皮质激素治疗,观察组72例采用糖皮质激素治疗的同时辅以粉尘螨滴剂治疗.结果经1年治疗后,两组日间、夜间哮喘症状评分均比治疗前降低,且观察组日间、夜间哮喘评分均低于对照组（均P 〈0.05）.治疗前,两组尘螨SIg G4、INF-γ、FeNO、IL-4指标水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P 〉0.05）;经1年治疗后,两组尘螨SIg G4、INF-γ指标水平均比治疗前增高,且观察组尘螨SIg G4、INF-γ指标水平提升幅度较对照组明显（均P 〈0.05）;指标FeNO、IL-4经治疗后均比治疗前降低,且观察组降低幅度较对照组明显（均P 〈0.05）.观察组生存质量总评分明显高于对照组（P 〈0.05）.结论对粉尘螨过敏哮喘患儿开展舌下免疫治疗可有效改善临床症状,减少炎症反应,控制哮喘发作次数,确保免疫指标处于平衡状态,促进患儿康复,该治疗价值应予以肯定.

Objective To explore the effect of sublingual immunotherapy on airway infammation and immune imbalance in children with allergic asthma induced by dermatophagoides dust mite. Methods The clinical data of 150 children with allergic asthma caused by dust mites treated at our hospital from December, 2014 to December, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into a control group （n=78） and an observation group （n=72） according to different treatments. The control group were treated with glucocorticoid, and the observation group with glucocorticoid and dermatophagoides farinae drops. Results After 1 year’s treatment, the scores of day and night asthma symptoms were lower than those before the treatment in the two groups, and were so in the observation group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Before the treatment, there were no statistical differences in the levels of SIg G4, INF-γ, FeNO, and IL-4 between the two groups （P〉 0.05）. After 1 years’ treatment, the levels of SIg G4 and INF-γ of dust mites was higher than those before the treatment in both groups; and the levels of SIg G4 and INF-γ of dust mites were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. The FeNO and IL-4 decreased after the treatment in both groups, and decreases more signifcantly in the observation group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The total score of quality of life was signifcantly higher in the observation group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Sublingual immunotherapy for children with dermatophagoides allergic asthma can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, reduce the infammatory response, control the number of asthma attacks, ensure the immune indidcators in a balanced state, and promote the children’s recovery. The value of the treatment is affrmed.