秸秆还田处理对土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响

Straw Returning:Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Maize Yield

为了研究不同处理条件下秸秆还田对土壤理化性状、玉米产量的影响,通过田间随机区组试验,秋季玉米收获后测定产量,同时在各试验小区内,S形采集土壤样品,按照土壤指标对应的测定方法,测定土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、p H值等指标,对各指标数据和玉米产量进行方差分析法。结果表明:秸秆还田后,使用腐熟剂土壤有机质、全钾含量显著提高,但对土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量及土壤容重、p H值没有影响,对玉米产量也没有影响;覆膜后土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量显著提高,土壤容重显著降低,但秸秆不还田覆膜对土壤全磷没有影响。秸秆还田极显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾含量,极显著降低土壤容重。秸秆还田玉米增产极显著,在不覆膜条件下,比对照增产率为9.7%;覆膜能够大幅度提高玉米产量,不还田覆膜比对照增产率达48.8%,秸秆还田覆膜增产率可达59.1%,因此,覆膜和秸秆还田都能极显著提高玉米产量,以覆膜增产率较大。总之,覆膜是黄土高原地区很重要的一项增产措施,建议该地区玉米生产推广秸秆还田覆膜并使用腐熟剂模式。

To study the effect of straw returning on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield under different treatments, through a randomized block test in field, the yield of maize was measured after harvest inautumn, and the soil samples were collected by S shape in each experimental plot. The indexes of soil organicmatter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH were measured according to the corresponding method in the laboratory, and the data of each index and yieldwere analyzed by variance analysis. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and totalpotassium increased significantly with decomposing agent after the straw returned to field, but there was noeffect on the content of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available P, available K, and volume weight of soil,p H, and yield of maize. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, availablephosphorus, total potassium and available potassium increased significantly after the film mulching, and thevolume weight of soil decreased significantly, however under condition of film mulching with no strawreturning, there was no effect on soil total phosphorus. Straw returning significantly increased soil totalnitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium, and significantlyreduced the volume weight of soil. The yield of maize increased significantly after straw returning to field.Under the condition of no film mulching, the yield increased by 9.7% compare with that of the control. The filmmulching could greatly increase the yield of maize, and the yield increased by 48.8%, and the increasing yieldcould reach 59.1% with film mulching after the straw returned to field. Therefore, film mulching and strawreturning can significantly increase the yield of maize, and the increasing yield with film mulching is higherthan that of straw returning. In short, plastic mulching is an important measure for increasing yield in the LoessPlateau and straw returning with film mulching and decomposing agent should be popularized in maizeproduction.