1951—2016年重庆北碚高温热浪变化特征及其对花木生长的影响

Characteristics of the High Temperature Heat Wave in Beibei of Chongqing in 1951-2016 and Its Impact on the Growth of Flowers and Trees

为深入了解重庆市北碚区高温热浪的变化特征及其对花木生长的影响,利用北碚区1951—2016年逐日平均最高气温、极端最高气温地面气象观测资料,综合采用线性回归、数理统计等方法分析北碚高温热浪日数、频次、强度的变化特征。结果显示:北碚高温日数、高温热浪及高温累积有效积温年际变化幅度大,在整个波动中呈现上升趋势;平均每年有32.5天不低于35℃高温日数,年均高温热浪次数为3.8次,年平均持续时间为24.7天;高温热浪引发的伏旱灾害频繁发生,在伏旱期间,当一侯中有3天极端最高温度>35.0℃时,高温伏旱开始影响花木的正常生长,当一侯中有3天极端最高温度>40.0℃时,高温伏旱对花木的生长造成严重影响。

To have a deep understanding of the characteristics of high temperature heat wave in Beibei district of Chongqing and the impact on the growth of flowers and trees, the ground meteorological observation data of daily average maximum temperature and extreme maximum temperature in 1951-2016 were studied. Linearregression and mathematical statistics were combined to analyze the changing characteristics of days,frequencies and intensity of the high temperature and heat wave. The results revealed that there weresignificant inter-annual changes in high temperature days, high temperature heat waves, and the total effectiveaccumulated temperature due to the high temperature in Beibei, with an upward trend in the entire fluctuation.Furthermore, the annual average of 32.5 days of high temperature ≥35℃ and 3.8 times of the high temperatureheat wave were observed, and the annual average duration of high temperature heat wave was 24.7 days.Summer drought caused by the high temperature heat wave frequently occurred, within a period of five daysamong which the 3-day extreme maximum temperature was 〉35.0℃, the summer drought would affect the normal growth of flowers and trees. If the 3-day extreme maximum temperature was 〉40.0℃, the summer drought would severely affect the growth of flowers and trees.