2012-2016年北京市密云区重金属污染企业职业卫生状况

Occupational health status of heavy metals polluting enterprises in Miyun of Beijing from 2012 to 2016

目的了解北京市密云区用人单位重金属污染企业职业卫生状况,分析重金属危害因素对作业人群健康影响的状况,为制定防治重金属中毒及职业病防治策略提供参考依据。方法 2012-2016年连续5年对密云区存在重金属污染的企业开展排查和监测工作。开展对企业"三废"处理情况和作业环场所职业卫生基本情况调查,监测作业场所重金属空气浓度和工人职业健康状况。结果通过连续五年的监测,该区存在4家涉及重金属危害因素作业的企业,其中2家接触铅作业单位,2家接触铬作业单位;通过"三废"处理情况调查,4家单位均不存在无序排放问题。职业卫生基本情况4家单位均设有管理机构,有相应的环境治理措施,作业工人均有防护用品。作业场所五年空气样品检测合格率为91.7%,职业健康体检51人中有1人存在职业禁忌证。结论通过调查该区存在铅、铬等2种重金属污染的4家用人单位,在目前情况下不存在重金属污染环境的问题,作业场所空气中浓度大部分符合国家标准,不存在重金属急性中毒问题,作业工人未发现职业健康损害,建议对接触工人进行定期检查,便于及时发现远期慢性损害。

Objective To understand the occupational health status of heavy metals polluting enterprises in Miyun district of Beijing, and to analyze the impact of heavy metals hazards on workers, so as to provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies of heavy metal poisoning and occupational diseases. Methods Since 2012,investigation and monitoring of heavy metal polluting enterprises had been carried out in Miyun district for 5 consecutive years by 2016. To investigate the treatment of ＂three wastes＂ in enterprises and the basic occupational health situation in workplaces, and to monitor the heavy metals concentration of air in workplaces and the occupational health status of workers. Results Through five years of continuous monitoring, it was determined that there were four enterprises involved in hazardous factors of heavy metals in Miyun district, including two lead exposure units and two chromium exposure units; Through investigation of ＂three wastes＂ treatment, no problem of disorderly emissions was found in four units. management agencies were set up in all the four units, corresponding environmental control measures were conducted, and protective supplies were provided to workers. The qualified rate of air samples in workplace was 91.7% for five years. One of 51 workers that received occupational health examination had occupational contraindications. Conclusion There workplaces of four units that involved in heavy metal pollution including lead and chromium were detected through investigation. There is no environmental problem of heavy metal pollution at present. The air quality in most of workplaces met the national standard. there was no acute poisoning of heavy metals. No occupational health hazard had been found among workers. It was suggested that workers exposed to heavy metals should take regular examination to prevent long-term chronic damage.