不同诱变处理对苜蓿叶绿素含量及光合作用的影响

Effect of Mutagenesis on Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthesis of Alfalfa

为研究^(60)Co-γ射线、紫外线、零磁空间和EMS诱变处理对苜蓿SP1代叶片叶绿素含量及光合作用的影响,筛选最优诱变处理梯度,选育适合高寒地区种植的苜蓿新品系或品种。以‘公农1号’、‘Wega7F’、‘WL319HQ’、‘敖汉’4个苜蓿品种试验材料,设置^(60)Co-γ射线150、300、450 Gy射线强度,紫外线30、60、90 min照射时间,EMS 0.1%、0.2%、0.4%(v/v)溶液浓度,零磁空间处理180天;测定苜蓿叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、叶绿素a/b值以及净光合速率。结果表明,‘公农1号’450 Gy^(60)Co-γ处理、紫外线处理时间为30 min和0.4%EMS处理下叶绿素a含量最高,均高于对照3.17 mg/g,但与对照差异不显著,其他处理均低于对照。‘Wega7F’在紫外线60 min时间处理下,叶绿素b值明显增加,且显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。‘公农1号’在450 Gy^(60)Co-γ辐射处理下叶绿素含量最高,a/b比值最小,其他3个品种在150 Gy处理下叶绿素含量最高,但a/b比值最小。各苜蓿品种不同诱变处理净光合速率大小依次为:60 min紫外线处理的‘Wega7F’>零磁空间处理的‘敖汉’>0.4%EMS处理的‘WL319HQ’>0.4%EMS处理下的‘公农1号’。150 Gy^(60)Co-γ射线、60 min紫外线、0.4%浓度EMS处理为苜蓿正向变异处理,有利于筛选有益诱变突变体。

The research took ＇ Gongnong 1 ＇, ＇ Wega7F＇, ＇ WL319HQ＇, ＇ Aohan＂ as the material and tested the effects of treatments 60Coγ-ray irradiation, ultraviolet, EMS and magnetic field-free space on chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, aiming to screen the optimal induction mutation method and breed new alfalfa varieties for alpine region. The treatments were set as 60-Coγ-ray irradiation （150, 300, 450 Gy）, ultraviolet （30, 60, 90 min）, EMS [0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% （v/v）] and magnetic field-free space （180 d）. Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaf were determined. The results showed that： chlorophyll a of ＇ Gongnong 1 ＇ induced by 450 Gy60Coγ-ray, 30 minutes ultraviolet and 0.4 （v/v） EMS was higher than that of CK （3.17 mg/g）, but other treatments showed a reverse trend. The chlorophyll b of ＇ Wega7F＇ induced by irradiation 60 minutes was the highest （P〈0.05）. Value of chlorophyll a/b of ＇ Gongnong 1＇ induced by 450 Gy~~Co/-ray was higher than that of other alfalfa varieties. The net photosynthetic rate of ＇ Wega7F＇ induced by irradiation 60 minutes〉 ＇ Aohan＇ induced by magnetic field-free space 〉＇WL319HQ＇ induced by 0.4% （v/v） EMS 〉 ＇Gongnong 1＇ induced by 0.4% EMS （v/v）. 150 Gy6~Co/-ray irradiation, 60 min ultraviolet and 0.4% EMS were positive mutagenic treatments that were conducive to screening mutants.