食品中花生过敏原及其检测方法的研究进展

Research Progress of Peanut Allergen and Its Detection Methods

花生是常见的过敏原之一,能够引起严重的过敏反应。由于缺乏明确的治疗花生过敏的方法,只能让花生过敏患者尽量避免食入含有花生的食物。但在实际的生产过程中,食品加工往往需要经过复杂的生产工艺,会造成食品之间的交叉污染,部分食品难以准确判断是否含有花生过敏原。因此对于食品中花生过敏原的检测方法的开发就显得尤为重要。本文主要对花生中过敏原的种类及其检测方法的研究进展进行了综述,主要对以下几种方法做了介绍,包括酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、免疫印迹法、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等,以及新兴的生物传感器和质谱法,并对检测方法的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Peanuts is one of the most common allergens,and can cause severe allergic reactions. Due to the lack of clear treatment of peanut allergy,patients only by avoid eating food containing peanuts. In the actual production process,food processing often need to go through a complex production process,which would cause cross-contamination between foods.It is difficult to accurately determine whether some foods contain peanut allergens or not. So,the development of peanut allergen detection methods is particularly important.In this paper,the development of major peanut allergens and its detection methods were summarized,such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA）,western blotting,polymerase chain reaction（ PCR）,new biological sensor and mass spectrometry,and its respective advantages and disadvantages were summarized and the application of this technology was prospected.