湿地生态系统服务价值能值评估--以珠江三角洲城市群为例

Wetland ecosystem services assessment based on emergy: A case of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration

湿地生态系统服务价值越来越被人类所认可,但由于湿地生态系统结构、功能、生态过程等的复杂性及现有价值评估方法的局限性,给湿地生态系统保护工作的推进造成了一定影响.基于此,本研究在厘清沼泽、湖泊、水库/坑塘、河流及滨海湿地生态系统差异性的基础上,根据生态系统存量流量变化、生态过程带来的附加影响和全球性生态系统服务在局地的分摊及人类感受将湿地生态系统服务价值分为直接价值(增加生物量、固碳释氧、提供水源、补给地下水、增加底泥)、间接价值(净化大气、水,营养物质运移、调节温湿度、提供水电)和存在价值(调节气候、维持生物多样性、旅游休闲+航运价值、文化教育价值);然后使用能值分析方法构建了非货币量的湿地生态系统服务价值评估框架和方法学,该框架尝试解决核算缺乏统一标准、重复计算和跨空间尺度数据转化等难题;并以珠江三角洲城市群为例,核算其湿地生态系统服务价值.该研究能为湿地生态系统差异性保护与管理、生态补偿机制的确立和完善提供一定的科学依据.

Wetland ecosystem services have been increasingly recognized. However, the complexity of wetland ecosystem structure, processes and functions, and the limitations of existing accounting methods also affected the implementation effect of the wetland ecosystems protection and management practices. In this study, based on the national wetland classification system, which includes swamp, lake, water reservoir, river and coastal wetland, ecosystem services are divided into ① direct services （ biomass increase, carbon sequestration, water supply, groundwater recharge, and sediments increase）, ② indirect services （ air/water purification, nutrients transport, temperature and humidity regulation, and hydropower supply） and existing services （climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, tourism, recreation and shipping value, educational/cultural value）. Further, emergy-based wetland ecosystem services assessment framework and computational methodology are established, and the biggest improvements are to avoid double- counting and methodological innovation of existing services. Finally, taking the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration as a case, the wetland ecosystem services are valuated. This study can provide scientific basis for the differential protection and management of wetland ecosystems, and the establishment and improvement of ecological compensation mechanism.