不同发酵床垫料对苏钟猪生产性能及肉品质的影响

Effects of different litters of the bio-bed system on the growth performance and pork quality of swine

探讨不同发酵床垫料对肥育猪生产性能及肉品质的影响。选择60头60日龄苏钟猪作为试验动物,随机分为4组：对照组（水泥地面饲养）、木屑发酵床组（垫料基质为木屑）、酒糟发酵床组（垫料基质为50%酒糟＋50%木屑）、菌糠发酵床组（垫料基质为50%菌糠＋50%木屑）,试验期100 d。结果显示：木屑组、菌糠组生产性能显著优于对照组（P〈0. 05）,酒糟组生产性能极显著优于对照组（P〈0. 01）;同时,酒糟组生产性能显著优于木屑、菌糠组（P〈0. 05）。各处理组猪肉肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、滴水损失、剪切力、水分等常规肉质指标均无显著差异（P〉0. 05）;酒糟组、菌糠组猪肉肌内蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P〈0. 05）;发酵床处理组肌内脂肪均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0. 05）;各处理组氨基酸、必需氨基酸、主要鲜味氨基酸含量均无显著差异（P〉0. 05）;脂肪酸方面,酒糟组猪肉硬脂酸含量最低;发酵床处理组猪肉亚油酸含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0. 05）,其中酒糟组亚油酸含量最高;同时,酒糟组猪肉二十碳四烯酸（ARA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量最高,显著高于其他处理组（P〈0. 05）;菌糠组猪肉二十碳一烯酸含量显著高于其它处理组（P〈0. 05）;酒糟组猪肉饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量最低,显著低于对照组（P〈0. 05）;发酵床处理组猪肉不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、人体必需脂肪酸含量均高于对照组,其中酒糟组和菌糠组不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量显著高于对照组（P〈0. 05）,酒糟组猪肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、人体必需脂肪酸含量显著高于其它处理组（P〈0. 05）;（5）菌糠组猪肉锌（Zn）含量最高,显著高于酒糟组（P〈0. 01）和对照组（P〈0. 05）,其它重金属元素各组间无显著差异（P〉0. 05）;对照组猪肝脏铅（Pb）含量显著高于木屑组和酒糟组（P〈0. 05）,铬（Cr）含量显著高于发酵床饲养组（P〈0. 05）;菌糠组猪肝脏锌（Zn）含量最高,显著高于木屑组（P〈0. 05）;猪肝脏中其它重金属元素各组间无显著差异（P〉0. 05）;各处理组猪肉、肝脏中重金属元素含量均满足国家相关食品中限量标准的要求。上述研究结果表明,以酒糟、菌糠为垫料的发酵床饲养环境可提高猪的生长性能和猪肉品质;并且,发酵床饲养方式不会造成重金属在猪肉中的沉积。

The effects of different litters of bio-bed system on the growth performance and pork quality of swine were investigated here. Six- ty 60-day-old Suzhong pigs were randomly divided into four groups： the control group （in the cement floor pigsty）, the sawdust group, the mushroom bran group and the vinasse group. The trial lasted for 100 days. The results were： The growth performance of the vinasse group （P 〈0. 01 ）, sawdust group, and mushroom bran group （P〈0. 05） was all significantly better than that of control group, and the growth perform- ance of the vinasse group was also significantly better than that of the sawdust group and mushroom bran group （P〈0. 05）. No significant differences in meat color, pH, cooking loss, drip loss, shear force and moisture content were found between the groups （P〉0. 05） ; and the protein content in the muscle of the vinasse group and mushroom bran group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0. 05）. The intramuscular fat of all the bio-bed system groups was higher than that of the control group （P〉0.05）. No significant differences in the amino acid content, total amino acid content and total umami amino acid content were found between the treated groups （P〉0. 05）. The ste- aric acid content of the vinasse group was the lowest. The linoleic acid content of the bio-bed system groups was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0. 05） , and the linoleic acid content of the vinasse group was the highest. In addition, the contents of arachidonic acid （ARA）, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） of the vinasse group were the highest, and significantly high- er than those of the other groups （P〈0. 05）. The content of 20-carbon monoenoic acid in the mushroom bran group was significantly higher than that of the other groups （P〈0. 05）. The content of saturated fatty acid （SFA） of the vinasse group was the lowest, which was signifi- cantly lower than that of the control group （P〈0. 05）. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids （ UFA）, polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） and essential fatty acids in the pork of the bio-bed system groups were higher than those of the control group. The content of unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） in the pork of the vinasse group and mushroom bran group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0. 05）, and the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） and essential fatty acid in the vinasse group were significantly higher than those in the other groups （P〈0.05）. （~）The Zn content in the pork of the mushroom bran group was the highest, and significantly higher than that of the vinasse group （P〈0. 01 ） and control group （P〈0. 05）. No significant differences of other heavy metal elements in pork were found between the groups （P〉0. 05）. The Pb content in the liver of the control group was significantly higher than that of the sawdust group and vinasse group group （P〈0. 05）, and the Cr content of the control group was significantly higher than that of the bio-bed groups. The Zn content in the liver of the mushroom bran group was the highest, and significantly higher than that of the sawdust group （P〈0. 05）. No significant differences of other heavy metal elements in liver were found between the groups （P〉0. 05 ）. The contents of heavy metal elements in pork and liver of each group all meet the requirements of the national food standard. The bio-bed rearing method with vinasse and mushroom bran as litters might improve the growth performance of pigs and their pork quality, the bio-bed rearing environment do not cause deposition of heavy metals in pork.