8种中草药对常见水产病原菌的抑制作用

Inhibition of common aquatic pathogens by eight kinds of Chinese herbs

为解决水产养殖业中细菌性疾病及抗生素滥用问题,研究了中草药对几种水产病原菌的抑菌效果。以嗜水气单胞菌、海豚链球菌等8种常见水产病原菌为研究对象,选用黄芩、冬青等8种中草药,测定其水提物及醇提物对上述8种菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并将结果与6-间甲氧磺胺嘧啶、头孢哌酮等11种抗生素的抑菌效果进行比较。结果表明：在所测试的细菌中,黄芩、冬青、生姜的MIC达到4 mg/m L,厚朴、艾叶、两面针的MIC达到10 mg/m L,黄柏、栀子的MIC达到20 mg/m L,而抗生素的MIC达到0. 1μg/m L。总体而言,黄芩、冬青的抑菌效果较好,中草药醇提物的抑菌效果优于水提物,而抗生素的抑菌效果优于中草药提取物。

In order to solve the problems of bacterial diseases and antibiotic abuse in aquaculture, the antibacterial effects of Chinese herbal medicines on several aquatic pathogens were studied here. Eight species of common aquatic pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae were used as research subjects. Eight kinds of Chinese herbal medicines including Scutellaria baicalensis and Holly l- lex were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations （MIC） of the water extracts and alcohol extracts against the above eight species of bacteria, and the results were compared with the effects of 11 antibiotics such as Sulfamonomethioxine and Cefoperazone. The ex- perimental results showed that, among the tested bacteria, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of Scutellaria baicalensis, Holly llex, Ginger were 4 mg/mL, those of Magnolia officinalis, Artemisia argyi, and Zanthoxylum nitidumwas 10 mg/mL, those of Phellodendrona mu- rense and Fructus Gardeniae was 20 mg/mL, while the that of antibiotics was 0. 1 μg/mL. In general, the antibacterial effects of Scutellaria baicalensis and Holly llex were better than the other herbal medicines. The antibacterial effect of the alcohol extracts of the herbal medicines was better than that of water extracts, and the effect of antibiotics was better than those of theChinese herbal extracts.