小农生产与农业现代化

Small-scale Production and Agricultural Modernization

本文在阐明农业现代化核心要义的基础上,试图分析中国实现农业现代化面临的约束和中国农业领域的重要阶段性变化,并探索中国农业现代化的主要推进策略。研究表明,中国实现农业现代化面临着两方面的约束:一是微观主体方面农户属于典型的东亚小农类型;二是资源禀赋方面"人多地少水更少"。不过,中国农业领域出现了产业结构性变革发生、新型经营主体大量涌现、非农产业与农业劳动生产率的比值明显缩小等重要阶段性变化,这些从积极方面昭示着中国农业现代化的可能前景。要推进中国农业现代化进程,应重视统筹安排好国内农业的供给结构和生产力布局,积极稳妥地发展多种形式的适度规模经营,并大力培育新型农业经营主体,进一步优化农业技术体系,完善农业支持和保护体系。

After expounding the core meaning of agricultural modemization, this article attempts to analyze the constraints faced by agricultural modernization and impogant changes in stages in agriculture in China, and explores the main promotion strategies of agricultural modernization. The study shows that, agricultural modernization is faced with two constraints in China, namely, small-scale production which is typical in East Asia and the constraints of high population density yet sparse land and water resources. In recent years, some important periodic changes can be witnessed in China＇s agricultural field. For example, the agricultural industry has undergone structural changes, a large number of new business entities have emerged, and the ratio of labor productivity in non-agricultural induslries to agricultural labor productivity has been significantly reduced. In order to promote the development of rural modernization, China should pay more attention to the overall arrangement of domestic agricultural supply structure and the distribution of productive forces, develop various forms of moderate scale management in an active and steady way, cultivate new types of agricultural businesses in a vigorous manner, optimize the agricultural technology system and improve the agricultural support and protection system.