中国小农的结构性分化:一个分析框架——基于四川省的问卷调查数据

The Structural Division of Smallholder Farmers in China: An Analytical Framework Based on Smallholder Farmer Survey Data in Sichuan Province

本文通过对当前中国小农生产特征的分析,提出了小农结构性分化的一个新的分析框架,认为小农分化为4种理想类型,即退出型小农、自给型小农、兼业型小农和发展型小农,并可以通过农业经营专门化程度和农业生产要素投入强度两个维度来界定。根据上述两个维度的强弱变化情况,小农的分化类型呈现出动态转化的特点。基于四川省农户入户问卷调查数据,本文对上述两个维度进行了可操作化定义,进而区分出小农的4种分化类型,以及其生产经营和收入结构特征。本文据此形成了关于促进小农发展的4个基本判断。

Through an analysis of the current characteristics of small-scale fanning in China, this article puts forward a new analytical frnework for the structural division of smallholder farmers, including four ideal types of farmers, namely, non-farming farmers, self-supporting farmers, part-time farmers, and developing farmers. The framework has two dimensions, namely, specialization of agricultural management and intensity of agricultural investment. According to the variation of the two dimensions, four types of farmers demonstrate the characteristics of dynamic transformation. Based on the empirical analysis of household survey data in Sichuan Province, this study operationalizes four types of farmers in terms of two dimensions, and their characteristics of agricultural production and income structure. The study concludes by suggesting four proposals on facilitating the structural division of smallholder farmers.