华北平原种粮家庭农场土地经营规模探究--以粮食大省河南为例

The Land Scale of Grain Production Family Farms in North China Plain:An Example from Henan,a Major Grain Production Province

本文从家庭农场特征的视角,构建了种粮家庭农场土地经营规模问题的分析框架,并利用河南省种粮成本和收益数据以及414个种粮农户、50个家庭农场的调查数据测算和验证了种粮家庭农场土地经营规模的大小。研究表明:家庭农场土地经营规模的下限和上限分别由家庭农业收入占比和家庭自有劳动力占比所决定。土地租金上升降低了农业收入,从而驱动家庭农场提高土地经营规模下限;粮食生产劳动的季节性导致家庭农场难有土地经营规模上限约束,人多地少的华北平原不利于种粮家庭农场的发展。种粮家庭农场土地经营规模主要受种粮收益影响,种粮收益低驱动家庭农场扩大土地经营规模,导致出现生产非粮化和经营公司化趋向。提高粮食生产单位面积收益水平,实现家庭劳动力充分就业,是种粮家庭农场发展的重要条件。

Based on the characteristics of family farms, this article constructs an analytical framework to investigate the land scale of grain production family farms. The empirical study is supported and verified by cost and benefit data of grain production from 414 grain producers and 50 family farms in Henan Province. The findings show that the lower and upper limits of the scale of land managed by family farms are determined by the proportion of family agricultural income and the proportion of household labor, respectively. The results based on the data analysis show that land rent reduces their agricultural income and drives grain farms to raise the lower limit of scale, and that the seasonality of grain production activities result in difficulties to form the upper limit. With large population and relatively little arable land, it is difficult for family farms to develop in North China Plain. The scale of land managed by grain production family farms is mainly influenced by the income from grain production. The low income from grain production drives family farms to expand the scale of land management, leading to the emergence of non-food production and corporatization. The study proposes that increasing the income of grain production per unit area and promoting full employment of family labor force are important conditions for the development of grain production family farms.