中国农村改革40年的基本经验

Basic Experiences on China's Forty Years of Rural Reform

40年来,农村改革取得了巨大成就,积累了丰富经验。其中有些经验是新形势下深化农村改革应该继续坚持、能保证改革的社会主义道路与方向的基本经验。这些基本经验包括:坚持和发展农村的根本经济制度,坚持农村改革的根本政治优势,坚持农村的基本政治制度,坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向,坚持改革的人民史观。本文在综合分析农村改革基本经验的基础上,对改革中的错误思潮特别是土地私有化思潮进行了分析和批判,认为农村土地集体所有制具有土地私有制不可比拟的制度优势,它是农村改革取得巨大成就的根本制度基础。中国40年农村改革,遵循了社会主义的本质要求,体现了社会主义制度在农村的自我完善和发展,也为新时代实施乡村振兴战略奠定了良好的基础。

Great achievements have been made in China＇s rural reform in the past forty years. This article illustrates several basic experiences in the course of China＇s reform. These basic experiences include： adhering to and developing the fundamental economic system in rural areas, adhering to the fundamental political advantages of rural reform, adhering to the basic political system in rural areas, adhering to the reform direction of socialist market economy, and adhering to a people＇s history in respect of reform. Based on a comprehensive analysis of basic experiences on rural reform, the study analyzes and criticizes some erroneous thoughts in the reform, especially the thoughts on land privatization. It holds that the collective ownership of rural land is a fundamental institutional basis for great achievements in rural reform, having incomparable institutional advantages over private ownership of land. The rural reform has fulfilled the essential requirements of socialism, reflected self-improvement and development of the socialist system in the countryside, and laid a good foundation for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in the new era.