超大规模水电系统优化调度挑战及应用实践

Challenges and Application Practices for Optimal Operations of Extra Large-scale Hydropower System

我国水电经过十多年的密集建设实现了高速发展,在西南地区出现了一批千万k W级特大流域巨型梯级水电站群,首次形成了装机容量超亿kW、电站数量超百座的区域和省级电网超大规模水电系统,产生了世界水电史上从未有过的调度运行难题,给水电系统乃至整个电网的安全、高效、经济运行带来重大挑战。该文结合我国水电现状和发展情况,分析超大规模水电系统有别于以往中小规模水电的调度运行特点,提炼总结一系列超大规模水电系统调度核心问题,包括优化调度“维数灾”、巨型机组多限制运行区安全控制、水电大规模消纳、多电网调峰等,并从技术角度给出这些问题的可行解决途径,最后结合在中国南方电网、云南电网等水电富集电网和澜沧江、红水河、乌江等特大流域工程实践,给出部分研究成果的实际应用情况,为我国水电系统科学调度提供可借鉴的技术途径。

During the past decades, there has been rapid development of hydropower in our country. In the southwest regions, a batch of huge cascade hydropower systems have more than 10GW of installed capacity have been put into operation. These cascade hydropower plants first form the extra large-scale hydropower system with more than 100 plants and 100GW of installed capacity in the regional and provincial power grids. Such a hydropower system faces many new operation problems that have not occurred in other countries. These problems have posed a great challenge to the safety, efficiency, and economy of hydropower system and the entire power grid. This paper analyzed the operation characteristics of extra large-scale hydropower systems, which were different from that of previous small and medium-sized hydropower systems. A series of key operation problems facing large-scale hydropower systems were summarized, including curse of dimensionality, safety control of huge units with multiple forbidden zones, large-scale hydropower absorption, peak operation for multiple power grids, etc. Moreover, some feasible technological approaches were proposed to address these issues. Taking the China Southern Grid, Yunnan Power Grid, Lancang River, Hongshui River, and Wu River as the background, we had applied some research results to the real-world hydropower systems and presented typical applications. The proposed technique and approaches provide support to schedule the extra large-scale hydropower systems in China.