人格障碍的现象学研究及启示

The Phenomenological Research on Personality Disorder and Its Enlightenments

人格障碍作为一种复杂的心理异常现象,近年来发生率越来越高,对人们正常生活的影响也越来越严重。为突破传统的实证主义的瓶颈,人格障碍研究引入了现象学取径。人格障碍现象学研究表现出异于人格障碍实证主义研究的方法论特征。在人格研究的历史上,格式塔心理学、现象学心理学、存在心理学、人本主义心理学以及当代质性心理学,都从现象学视角对人格障碍进行了探索性研究。现象学作为人格障碍研究的一种方法论视角优势明显,给予我们许多研究和临床启示,但也存在诸多局限,未来需要探索多种研究视角并存的新局面。

As a kind of complex psychological abnormal phenomenon, the incidence of personality disorder has been increasing in recent years. Its impact on people’s normal life has been increasingly serious. In order to break through the bottleneck of traditional positivism, phenomenology as an approach was introduced into the research field of personality disorder. The phenomenological study of personality disorder is clearly different from the positivistic study of personality disorder in methodological features. In the history of personality research, Gestalt psychology, phenomenological psychology, existential psychology, humanistic psychology and contemporary qualitative psychology all carried out exploratory researches on personality disorder from the perspective of phenomenological approach. As a methodological perspective for the study of personality disorder, phenomenology has obvious advantages, providing some research and clinical enlightenments, but also has many limitations. In the future, we need to explore a new situation where multiple research perspectives coexist.