儿童过敏性鼻炎与支气管哮喘的相关性及常见过敏原分析

Correlation between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children and analysis on common allergens

目的 探讨儿童过敏性鼻炎与支气管哮喘的相关性.方法 选取佛山市妇幼保健院2015年5月至2017年5月门诊随访的儿童过敏性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘患儿50例作为实验组,选取同期单纯过敏性鼻炎患儿50例作为对照A组,同期单纯支气管哮喘患儿50例作为对照B组.通过过敏原筛查检测三组血清总免疫球蛋白E（IgE）和血清中过敏原类型及其特异性IgE（sIgE）,比较三组总IgE及sIgE水平.结果 ①实验组及对照B组血清sIgE阳性率高于对照A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.②螨、屋尘、霉菌、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑为三组患儿的主要过敏原,其中以螨为主,但三组间比较差异未见统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 儿童过敏性鼻炎以及大部分支气管哮喘属于IgE介导的Ⅰ型变态反应,佛山地区主要吸入性变态反应原为螨、屋尘、霉菌、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑,其中螨为该地区最主要的吸入性变态反应原,对过敏性鼻炎以及支气管哮喘患儿有早期防治的临床意义.

Objective To investigate the correlation between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in children .Methods Fifty children with allergic rhinitis complicated with bronchial asthma who were followed up in Clinic of Foshan Women and Children ＇s Hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected as experimental group;50 children only with allergic rhinitis in the same period were selected as control group A;50 children only with bronchial asthma in the same period were selected as control group B.Serum total IgE, serum allergen types and specific IgE （sIgE） were detected by allergen screening , and levels of total IgE and sIgE were compared among the three groups .Results ①The positive rate of serum sIgE in experimental group and control group B was significantly higher than that in control group A （ P〈0.05 ） .②Mites, house dust , mold, cat hair dandruff and dog hair dandruff were the main allergens for children in the three groups , among which mites were the main allergens , but there was no significant difference among the three groups （ P〉0.05 ） .Conclusions Pediatric allergic rhinitis and most bronchial asthma in children belong to IgE-mediated type I allergic reaction .The main inhaled allergens in Foshan area are mites , house dust , mold, cat hair dander and dog hair dander .Mite is the most important inhaled allergen in this area .Early prevention and treatment should be implemented in clinical for children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma .