中国乡村治理四十年变迁与经验

The Changes and Experience of China's Rural Governance over the Past Four Decades

回顾四十年来中国乡村治理实践的演进历程,可以将其分为以下几个时期:乡村治理自我探索时期、乡村治理制度化建设时期、乡村治理组织化建设时期、农民主体能力建设时期以及新时代乡村治理国家整合时期。进一步研究发现,中国乡村治理四十年变迁蕴含着鲜明的中国经验:(1)中国政治体制优势下的国家高位推动;(2)改革进程中始终坚持农民主体地位,尊重农民群众首创精神;(3)遵循试点到整体的渐进性改革路线,构建了改革、发展与稳定三角平衡格局。中国乡村治理四十年实践所蕴含的宝贵经验对推进新时代乡村治理改革创新具有重要启示和意义。

With 40 years reform and opening up, China＇s rural governance practice has undergone pro- found changes. Looking back on the evolution of China＇s rural governance practice in the past 40 years, we can divide it into the following periods： the period of self-exploration, the period of institutionalization, the period of organizational construction, the period of building farmers＇ subjective capacity, and the period of state integration in the new era. Further research has found that the 40-year evolution of rural governance in China implies the unique Chinese experience： vigorous promoting by the state under the superiority of the country＇s political system; insisting on the farmers＇ dominant position in the reform process and respecting their creative initiatives; following the gradual reform path from the pilot point to the whole system and con- structing a triangular balance pattern of reform, development and stability. The valuable experience contained in the practice of China＇s rural governance for forty years has shed light on the promotion of the reform and innovation of rural governance in the new era.