马克思主义“三者统一”第二个理论驿站的研究——恩格斯《资本论》第2卷“序言”的启示

The Second Theoretical-Station Study of the Three Unifications of Marxism—— from the Preface of Volume 2 of Capital by Engels

我们对马克思主义理论发展的探讨已经进入到以下两个文献之间的关系:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《44年手稿》和《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(以下简称《提纲》)。两个文献都是"手稿",但是它们在马克思主义理论发展中具有重要的地位。这两个"手稿"涉及马克思思想发展中的三个重要人物的理论:黑格尔、费尔巴哈和亚当·斯密。中外学者都非常关注。《44年手稿》在西方曾引起"马克思热";《提纲》在中国改革开放的初期曾引起热议。但在方法上都是单一文本的研究,不可能把马克思思想发展的历史和逻辑的内在关系解读出来。马克思的思想是如何与这三个历史人物的理论联系起来的,又是如何从他们的理论中脱离出来的。对于这些马克思主义原理很少深入地研究,一个重要原因是没有正确的方法,或者说是不注重方法问题。今天我们对以上两个文献的研究采取不同的方法——理论驿站的方法。这个方法是通过文献之间的联系,把马克思思想发展的内在理论历史的逻辑的揭示出来。理论驿站的方法是从恩格斯的《资本论》第二版"序言"中学来的。恩格斯的这个"序言"很有启迪性。研究它对于我们今天马克思主义理论的理解非常有意义。

Our discussion of the development of Marxist theory needs to explore the relationship between the following two documents： the manuscript of economics and philosophy in 1844 （hereinafter referred to as the 1844 Manuscript and the Theses on Feuerbaeh （hereinafter referred to as the Theses）. Both doeu- ments are the manuscripts that manuscripts relate to the theory share important positions in the d of three important figures in the evelopment o development f Marxist theory. The two of Marx＇s thought： Hegel, Feuerbach and Adam Smith, which has raised the concern of Chinese and foreign scholars. The 1844 Manuscript has caused Karl Marx fever in the West, and the theses has initiated a heated discussion in the early days of China＇s reform and opening up. However, the current study of the manuscripts is limited in sin- gle text study, which can＇t interpret the inner relationship between the history and logic of the development of Marx＇s thoughts. These Marxist principles need to be studied in depth, such as figuring out how Marx＇s thought relating to the theories of the three historical figures and how it being separated from their theories. The article points out that the method of theoretical-station should be applied to the further study to reveal the logic of inner theoretical history of the development of Marx＇s thought, through combing the connection between the documents. The method of theoretical-station is learned from the Preface of Volume 2 of Capital by Engels, which is enlightening and meaningful for our today＇s understanding of Marxist theory.