城市土地免费使用权:形成与建构

Free Usage Rights of Urban Land: Formation and Construction

"土地财政"不是通过制度安排来发展公民居住权,而是通过土地市场化加重了公民生活成本,反而侵害了公民居住权。赋予公民城市土地免费使用权不仅可以釜底抽薪地拆散"土地财政",而且让公民直接地、更好地享有居住发展权,为社会公平创造有利条件,为共同富裕扫除制度障碍。城市土地免费使用权基于公民身份而享有,享有主体可以以户籍为主、以实际居住地为辅来确立;城市土地免费使用面积的标准宜采取"省级统筹"的方式;其使用权的行使规则应按现代商业模式来建构,并且现阶段可采取行政立法方式。

Instead of keeping citizens＇ right of residence through institutional arrangement, land finance has increased the living cost and infringed citizen＇s fight of residence, owing to the pattern of land marketization. Giving citizens the right to free use of urban land can not only dismantle land finance, but also let citizens enjoy residential development right directly, and create favorable conditions for social equity and remove institutional obstacles for common prosperity. The free usage right of urban land is enjoyed based on citizenship, which can be established mainly by household registration and supplemented by the actual residence. The article proposes that the standard of free use area of urban land should implement the principle of overall planning on the provincial level, and the exercise of the right should be constructed in accordance with the modern business model. At the present stage, using the administrative legislation to ensure the rights is an appropriate option.